{"id":8986,"date":"2024-05-17T00:28:01","date_gmt":"2024-05-17T05:28:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/?p=8986"},"modified":"2024-05-19T15:43:02","modified_gmt":"2024-05-19T20:43:02","slug":"van-hoc-mien-nam-la-mot-di-san-nhan-dinh-cua-pgs-ts-tran-hoai-anh-uy-vien-hoi-dong-ly-luan-phe-binh-hoi-nha-van-viet-nam-khoa-x-2020-2025-giang-vien-khoa-van-hoa-hoc-truong-dai-hoc-va","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/?p=8986","title":{"rendered":"V\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n – (nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a PGS-TS Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0i Anh \u2013 \u1ee6y vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng L\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f3a X (2020-2025), gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Khoa V\u0103n H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Vanvn.vn<\/mark><\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cV\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Tin\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u00f2n\u00a0g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0\u201cV\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975\u201d, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1954-1975, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam\u201d \u2013 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0i Anh b\u00e0y t\u1ecf\u2026<\/mark><\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n
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\"\"<\/a>
(PGS.TS Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0i Anh)<\/mark><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

* <\/em>L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u <\/em>v\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em> g\u00ec v\u1ec1 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n nay?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 T\u1eeb h\u01a1n ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u201cL\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n Nam 1954-1975<\/em>\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m lu\u1eadn \u00e1n Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, v\u1edbi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5\u1ec9 h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi khi h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5 nh\u01b0 Phong tr\u00e0o th\u01a1 m\u1edbi, T\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c v\u0103n \u0111o\u00e0n, Nh\u00e2n v\u0103n giai ph\u1ea9m\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cchi\u00eau tuy\u1ebft\u201d trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i lu\u1eadn \u00e1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i g\u00ec.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1eebng cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c khi m\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975, v\u1ed1n b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 \u201cv\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y\u201d \u201cph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p cho n\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng xa, nay l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u201c\u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng\u201d trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u1edf m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc uy t\u00edn l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu trong s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ea3i qua h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam (m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i t\u00ecm t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: V\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 cho c\u1ea3 mai sau, x\u00e9t tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf, m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i: th\u01a1, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, truy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, k\u1ecbch ngh\u1ec7, bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\u2026 m\u00e0 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0: Kim \u0110\u1ecbnh, Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ec9nh, Nguy\u1ec5n Duy C\u1ea7n, Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung, V\u0169 H\u1ea1nh\u2026 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n nh\u01b0: S\u01a1n Nam, B\u00ecnh Nguy\u00ean L\u1ed9c, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Nghi\u1ec5m M\u1eadu, V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nguy\u00ean Sa, Du T\u1eed L\u00ea, Ho\u00e0i Khanh; \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u201cs\u00f3ng gi\u00f3\u201d tr\u00ean v\u0103n \u0111\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n Nam nh\u01b0; Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Th\u1ee5y V\u0169, Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb Ngh, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n, thu h\u00fat \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u00f4m nay<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc ta n\u00f3i chung c\u00f2n ngh\u00e8o, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ta c\u0169ng c\u00f2n ngh\u00e8o so v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed m\u00e0 v\u1ed9i \u201cb\u1ecf \u0111i\u201d m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 v\u0103n hoc \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1954-1975. V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o, c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc, kh\u00e1ch quan, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 chung tay, g\u00f3p s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/h2>\n\n\n
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B\u1ed9 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft 5 cu\u1ed1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ra m\u1eaft tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2021. \u1ea2nh Nh\u00e3 Nam<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

* M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ban h\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 144\/2020\/N\u0110-CP qui \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n<\/em>. <\/em>Trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: \u201cT\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1975 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda Nam\u201d (hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u201cca kh\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975\u201d<\/em>). \u00d4ng<\/em> c\u00f3 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng g\u00ec v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t vui, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng ra l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00f3i chung n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn khi m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n x\u00f3a \u0111i m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e0u t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00e0u t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n m\u00e0 bao n\u0103m qua v\u1eabn \u00e2m th\u1ea7m s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ef1c ra trong thi\u1ec3n ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ca kh\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc 75 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m mang t\u00ednh \u201c\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7\u201d v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o. V\u00ec \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00ec n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, l\u00e0 m\u00f3n \u0103n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng, trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng xa vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1954-1975, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam. N\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 th\u00f4i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u201c\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t\u201d m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m \u00fd ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ef1c ra \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh mang t\u00ednh gi\u00e1o khoa \u201cL\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em>\u201d do Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u00ecnh S\u1eed ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n K\u00ednh, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Long, Hu\u1ef3nh Nh\u01b0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, L\u00e3 Nh\u00e2m Th\u00ecn\u2026 (NXB  \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m, H, 2021) \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh 25 trang gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1954-1975 thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u0103n h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Ri\u00eang cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch L\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n Nam 1954-1975<\/em> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i (Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0i Anh) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1ea7y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u201ctrong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam (s\u0111d tr.315).<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n nh\u01b0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng Nghi\u1ec5m M\u1eadu v\u1edbi C\u0169ng \u0111\u00e0nh, \u0110\u00f4i m\u1eaft tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi, Ti\u1ebfng s\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi em \u00fat<\/em> do Nxb V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2007 v\u00e0 Tu\u1ed5i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c<\/em>, <\/em>S\u1ee3i t\u00f3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/em> (do NXB H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2016); Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Th\u1ee5y V\u0169 v\u1edbi Khung r\u00eau, M\u00e8o \u0111\u00eam, Lao v\u00e0o l\u1eeda, Chi\u1ec1u m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, Th\u00fa hoang<\/em>\u2026; Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb NgH v\u1edbi Nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1eeda kh\u00f3a tr\u00e1i; L\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea1n, Nh\u0103n R\u00fam<\/em> (Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam Books v\u00e0  NXB H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n), \u00c1c t\u00ednh<\/em> (Domino Books v\u00e0 NXB H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n); Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng v\u1edbi M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y r\u1ed3i th\u00f4i; Cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecnh trong ng\u1ee5c th\u1ea5t; Tu\u1ea7n tr\u0103ng m\u1eadt m\u00e0u xanh; Ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, V\u00f2ng tay h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2<\/em> (do Nh\u00e3 Nam v\u00e0 NXB H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n) v\u1eeba ra m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m nay. R\u1ed3i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110inh H\u00f9ng, Du T\u1eed L\u00ea, Nguy\u00ean Sa, Ho\u00e0i Khanh, Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh\u2026 V\u00e0 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft bao t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh\u2026 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7t bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201chot\u201d trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. V\u00ec th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

* Xin c\u00e1m \u01a1n \u00f4ng!<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

TR\u1ea6N<\/strong> TU\u1ea4N<\/strong> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

___________________________________<\/p>\n\n\n

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Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0i Anh<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

PGS-TS Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0i Anh \u2013 \u1ee6y vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng L\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f3a X (2020-2025), gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Khoa V\u0103n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n h\u00f3a TP HCM. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n: L\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u2013 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n Nam 1954-1975<\/em> (NXB H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, 2009); Th\u01a1 \u2013 Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn<\/em> (NXB Thanh ni\u00ean, 2010); V\u0103n h\u1ecdc nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/em> (NXB Thanh ni\u00ean, 2012); V\u0103n h\u00f3a-v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng & h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/em> (NXB 2014); \u201c\u0110i t\u00ecm \u1ea9n ng\u1eef v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d<\/em> (NXB H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, 2017), \u0110i t\u00ecm m\u1ef9 c\u1ea3m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em> (NXB H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n 2020),\u2026<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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– M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a PGS\/TS Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0i Anh<\/mark><\/em>:<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n qua ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n Trung h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb c\u1ea5p \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975<\/mark><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: vanchuongviet.org<\/a> <\/strong><\/mark><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1- D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/em><\/strong>  <\/mark>     Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng, sau khi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 t\u0103m t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung c\u1ed5. \u00dd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 cao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn, ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kinh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, h\u01b0\u1edbng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u0103n mang \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/em> V\u00e0, tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u01a1i d\u1eady nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, t\u00f4n vinh ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi…, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, trong c\u0103n t\u00ednh, lu\u00f4n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, h\u01b0\u1edbng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean ng\u00f4i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft, khi mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i bang, n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi ba nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc: \u201cnh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n\u201d, \u201cd\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ckhai ph\u00f3ng\u201d.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Theo \u0111\u00f3: N\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u201c
1\/ Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.
2\/ Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh hu\u1ed1ng sinh ho\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u cho s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1ed3n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.
3\/ Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch khai ph\u00f3ng, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng tinh th\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc, ph\u00e1t huy tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00e2u th\u00e1i tinh hoa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d[1]<\/a> Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam 1954-1975 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mang t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. B\u1edfi, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u201ckhai ph\u00f3ng\u201d con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ecdi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, chi ph\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n Trung h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb c\u1ea5p \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2- N\u1ed9i dung<\/em><\/strong>  <\/mark>– V\u1edbi n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u00ednh \u201cnh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n\u201d, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u00f4n Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n b\u1eadc Trung h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n: \u0111\u1ec1 cao l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u00e2n qu\u00ed ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u0103n t\u00ednh m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u0103n th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eafp b\u1ed3i. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n b\u1eadc Trung h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb c\u1ea5p \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n \u201cnh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n\u201d, \u201cd\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ckhai ph\u00f3ng\u201d, k\u1ebft tinh t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n. Song, \u1edf b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n qu\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.      <\/em>
2.1.Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n qu\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> . V\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u201cth\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n\u201d, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n trong n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 m\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 qu\u00ed tr\u1ecdng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc sinh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 phong ph\u00fa \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n l\u1edbp \u0110\u1ec7 tam qua ph\u1ea7n V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n<\/em>, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef, ca dao n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n qu\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o nh\u01b0: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 hoa \u0111\u1ea5t; L\u00e1 l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f9m l\u00e1 r\u00e1ch; Nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee7 l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 g\u01b0\u01a1ng \/ ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau c\u00f9ng; B\u1ea7u \u01a1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y b\u00ed c\u00f9ng\/ Tuy r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng chung m\u1ed9t gi\u00e0n<\/em>\u2026 Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf, \u1edf b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m s\u00e2u xa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1eadn s\u1ed1 bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef qua c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft bi th\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea7y oan nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u00e0ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng trong b\u00e0i \u0110\u1ec1 mi\u1ebfu v\u1ee3 Ch\u00e0ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em> c\u1ee7a Vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ebb chia tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed7i \u0111au th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chinh ph\u1ee5 trong Chinh Ph\u1ee5 Ng\u00e2m Kh\u00fac<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4n qua b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 theo s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3ng v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ea3ng Tu\u00e2n th\u00ec: \u201c\u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ra tr\u1eadn m\u1ea1c, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\u201d.[2]<\/a> Hay ni\u1ec1m c\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn h\u1ea9m hiu khi ph\u1ea3i ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i tu\u1ed5i xu\u00e2n trong ch\u1ed1n l\u00e3nh cung t\u0103m t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cung N\u1eef trong Cung O\u00e1n Ng\u00e2m Kh\u00fac<\/em> c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Gia Thi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed7i \u0111au ph\u1eadn s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n qua nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft x\u00f3t xa: \u201cHoa n\u00e0y b\u01b0\u1edbm n\u1ee1 th\u1edd \u01a1 \/ \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u00e0y b\u00f4ng th\u1eafm, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u01a1 nh\u1ecb v\u00e0ng\u201d[3]<\/a>. \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00fay Ki\u1ec1u trong \u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2n thanh<\/em> c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Du m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n qu\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i Nguy\u1ec5n Du \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00ea thi\u1ebft: \u201c\u0110au \u0111\u1edbn thay ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \/ L\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1c m\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi chung!\u201d. N\u1ed7i \u0111au th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 qua c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1ee3 Ch\u00e0ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chinh ph\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cung n\u1eef v\u00e0 Th\u00fay Ki\u1ec1u<\/em> trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u00edch gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 qu\u00ed tr\u1ecdng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho h\u1ecdc sinh. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n trong tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn. B\u1edfi, theo Ch\u00e2u Tr\u1ecdng Ng\u00f4, c\u1ef1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 th\u00ec: \u201c\u1ede c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc cao h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n theo nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m m\u00f9i v\u1ecb hi\u1ec1m kh\u00edch h\u1eddn d\u1ed7i.\u201d[4]<\/a>                  
2.2. Nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/em>       Ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh trong th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edbng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u201ch\u1eafc \u00e1m\u201d, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1eadp ch\u00ecm trong bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u0103n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, b\u00e1c \u00e1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai ph\u00f3ng<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 bay cao, bay xa trong ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. B\u1edfi, trong quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 th\u00ec: \u201cM\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 gi\u00fap m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, sinh s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia.\u201d[5]<\/a> Tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o qua m\u00f4n Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n b\u1eadc Trung h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed1n Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n to\u00e0n th\u01b0 T\u00fa t\u00e0i I Ban A.B.C.D<\/em>. c\u1ee7a V\u0169 K\u00fd, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd SG, nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Ng\u1ecdc C\u1ea9n, do \u00c1  Ch\u00e2u xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n; Cu\u1ed1n Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb A.B.C.D.<\/em> (t\u1eadp 1, 2) c\u1ee7a V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n, do H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n l\u1edbp 12 ABCD<\/em> c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n g\u1ed3m Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n C\u1ea9m \u2013 Gi\u00e1m h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng V\u00f5 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng To\u1ea3n SG; L\u00ea V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 P\u00e9trus K\u00fd SG; Kh\u01b0u Hu\u1ef3nh H\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Gia Long SG; T\u1ea1 Quang Kh\u00f4i, Hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i SG; V\u0169 Th\u1ecb Ng\u1ecdc Mai, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 L\u00ea V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh SG; Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Nhung, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0  Gia Long SG; Cao \u0110\u00ecnh Qu\u00e1t, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Chu V\u0103n An SG; L\u00ea V\u0103n Qu\u1edbi, Gi\u00e1m h\u1ecdc Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1; Cung Nh\u1eadt T\u00e2n gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Chu V\u0103n An SG; Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1eafc Thanh gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 Taberd, SG; Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ea3ng Tu\u00e2n, Thanh Tra chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, B\u1ed9 V\u0103n h\u00f3a, Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 Thanh ni\u00ean, do Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, SG, 1974.     
Trong cu\u1ed1n Qu\u1ed1c V\u0103n 12 ABCD<\/em>, nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 trong l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a: \u201cVi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n cho l\u1edbp 12 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m sao cho h\u1ecdc sinh hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Nho Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 L\u00e3o gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00f9ng Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o \u1edf T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u201d[6]<\/a> V\u00ec th\u1ebf, khi lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua ba t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m T\u1ed1 T\u00e2m<\/em> c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1ch; H\u1ed3n B\u01b0\u1edbm m\u01a1 ti\u00ean<\/em> c\u1ee7a Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng v\u00e0 Th\u01a1 say<\/em> c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cPhong tr\u00e0o l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u n\u1eefa.\u201d[7]<\/a> V\u00e0, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n gia thi s\u0129 Lammartine, Victor Hugo, Alfred de Musset, Alfred de Vigny\u2026  C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cV\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n c\u00f3 4 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh:
1\/ \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh
2\/ \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng;
3\/ \u0110\u1ec1 cao t\u00ecnh y\u00eau thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean
4\/ gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. Trong 4 \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3.\u201d[8]<\/a> \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc sinh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c coi tr\u1ecdng.      Hay trong b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t V\u0103n \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ABCD t\u1eadp II th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX<\/em>, V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh, khi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m N\u1eeda ch\u1eebng xu\u00e2n<\/em> c\u1ee7a Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng trong T\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c V\u0103n \u0111o\u00e0n, c\u0169ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn phi l\u00fd c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i phong ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc khi lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i: \u201cKh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m gi\u1eefa Mai v\u00e0 L\u1ed9c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 nghi kh\u1eaft khe c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u0169 c\u00f2n t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng c\u1ed5 t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi (theo nho gi\u00e1o ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng): t\u1ef1 do k\u1ebft h\u00f4n, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i hy sinh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cho d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o.\u201d[9]<\/a> \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa n\u00e0y, V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00e1 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n trong M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m<\/em> c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1o khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec theo \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cthu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ed1 khuy\u00ean thanh ni\u00ean t\u00e2n h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e2n c\u1ea3i t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c\u201d, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0:
\u201c1\/Theo m\u1edbi, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n theo m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat do d\u1ef1;
2\/Tin \u1edf s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t h\u01a1n;
3\/ S\u1ed1ng theo m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng;
4\/ L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i;
5\/ Luy\u1ec7n tinh kh\u00ed;
6\/ Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i;
7\/ Luy\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y b\u1ed9 \u00f3c khoa h\u1ecdc;
8\/ C\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng danh;
9\/ Luy\u1ec7n th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1ng;
10\/ C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tr\u00ed x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t.\u201d[10]<\/a> Ng\u00e0y nay, n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u201cM\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m\u201d c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, kh\u00e1ch quan, khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m\u201d m\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1o n\u00eau ra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb h\u00f4m nay, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0, khi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang b\u1ecb v\u00f2ng quay c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ph\u1ea3n nh\u00e2n v\u0103n b\u1ee7a v\u00e2y m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 sa ng\u00e3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa khi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1ch quan m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1o trong \u201cM\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m\u201d c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1eefu l\u00fd. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tuy h\u01a1i m\u1ea1nh song v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ta trong bu\u1ed5i giao th\u1eddi gi\u1eefa M\u1edbi v\u00e0 C\u0169, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tha thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ra trong cu\u1ed1n n\u00e0y, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.\u201d[11]<\/a> V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cM\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m\u201d c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n cho h\u1ecdc sinh. V\u00e0 h\u00f4m nay, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u0103n h\u00f3a cho h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi v\u0103n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n suy tho\u00e1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea1t phai l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ed1ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, ch\u1ea1y theo nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng, v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c\u2026!?      Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u1edf ph\u1ea7n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u00f2n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \/ v\u0103n th\u1eddi trung \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9, Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t, T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026 m\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 Ch\u00ed l\u00e0m trai<\/em> qua th\u01a1 v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa \u0111\u00e3 xem quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Ch\u00ed l\u00e0m trai<\/em> c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp th\u00e2n l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p<\/em> nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i t\u00f4i gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 cao ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u201canh h\u00f9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u201d nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ta\u201d \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch oan khu\u1ea5t cho \u00f4ng.  C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n gian v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb<\/em><\/strong> nh\u01b0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi quan, ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n. Trong quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: \u201cL\u00e0m trai th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng danh cho th\u1ecfa th\u00edch, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ai. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch thanh cao trong khi say s\u01b0a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng cho l\u00e0 vinh, \u0111i l\u00ednh th\u00fa kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c, tha thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng danh m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n coi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ee3i danh.\u201d[12]<\/a> V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh: \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thanh ni\u00ean h\u1ecdc sinh ng\u00e0y nay, quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng danh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o.\u201d B\u1edfi, \u201cC\u00f4ng danh quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i m\u1ed9ng khoa c\u1eed \u201cv\u00f5ng anh \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f5ng n\u00e0ng theo sau\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn h\u1ee7 nho th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f4ng danh quy\u1ebft c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh v\u1ecb k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn t\u00e2n h\u1ecdc theo v\u0103n minh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1ec9 mong c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0103n tr\u00ean ng\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eb9p con kh\u00f4n!…\u201d m\u00e0: \u201cPh\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f4ng danh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n n\u1ee3 thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n ch\u00ed v\u1eaby v\u00f9ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn cao qu\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vinh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1t khao l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u01b0u danh h\u1eadu th\u1ebf. Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i quan ni\u1ec7m h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng danh \u1ea5y.\u201d[13]<\/a> V\u00e0, khi lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 Ch\u00ed nam chi<\/em>, trong \u0111\u00f3, quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng danh l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ed nam nhi<\/em>, V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 xem \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n trong th\u01a1 v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 l\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng cao \u0111\u1eb9p mang l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e2n v\u0103n cho h\u1ecdc sinh. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, khi l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n trong quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i nh\u00e0n<\/em> c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ABCD<\/em> c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1i nh\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u01b0a h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c v\u00ec v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ti\u00ean Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh cao v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t sa \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u00ea h\u00e8n th\u00ec m\u1edbi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb cao qu\u00ed thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 (\u2026) Nh\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi ch\u00ed nam nhi. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: l\u00fac ngh\u00e8o c\u1ef1c nh\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho c\u1ee5 vui v\u1ebb ch\u1edd th\u1eddi, l\u00fac ra l\u00e0m quan nh\u00e0n gi\u00fap c\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n, khi v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u nh\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc.\u201d[14]<\/a> Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong suy ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa b\u1eadc Trung h\u1ecdc \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1954-1975, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u00ed nam nhi v\u00e0 ch\u1eef nh\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho h\u1ecdc sinh trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb<\/em><\/strong> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1edfi, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n sinh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n gian, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n sinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb <\/em><\/strong>ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00f4i b\u1ecb tan ch\u1ea3y, tha h\u00f3a, vong th\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ta si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c<\/em>, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn ra ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/em><\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u0103n lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn.  Song, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n m\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 c\u0169ng quan t\u00e2m b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch Qu\u1ed1c V\u0103n l\u1edbp 12<\/em> th\u00ec: \u201cDanh t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 do mang nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i chung c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00ean danh t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 do trong ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Montesquieu \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a: \u201cT\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p cho ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3\u201d<\/em>. Danh t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 do th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7: t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tham d\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n.\u201d[15]<\/a> V\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a Phan Chu Trinh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng kinh ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i n\u0103m 1907, b\u00e0i  di\u1ec5n v\u0103n v\u1ec1 \u201cCao v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn thanh ni\u00ean An Nam\u201d t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i khuy\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00eam 15\/10\/1913 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n An Ninh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n \u201c\u0110o\u1ea1n Tuy\u1ec7t\u201d c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t Linh, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, xem \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho h\u1ecdc sinh qua d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n m\u00e0 h\u00f4m nay, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. V\u00ec, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, t\u1ef1 do, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, v\u0103n minh<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a xu h\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a. B\u1edfi, theo Montesquieu: \u201cM\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 hay qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.\u201d[16]<\/a> Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb h\u00f4m nay. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00f2ng y\u00eau qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n b\u1eadc Trung h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb c\u1ea5p \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam lu\u00f4n quan t\u00e2m khi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n cho h\u1ecdc sinh.  2.3. L\u00f2ng y\u00eau qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn<\/em>         Khi lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975, trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u201cgi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975) tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft: \u201cV\u1edbi tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ghi v\u00e0o Hi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p 1967, n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n, c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i v\u1ecb tha v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i.\u201d[17]<\/a> Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00f2ng y\u00eau qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n b\u1eadc Trung h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb c\u1ea5p \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975, ta th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng y\u00eau qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 chi ph\u1ed1i kh\u00e1 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc n\u1ed9i dung ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa m\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c\u00fd th\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d. B\u1edfi, theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n th\u00ec t\u1eeb trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n gian, \u201c\u00dd th\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. T\u1eeb khi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u00e0 hy sinh cho \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3: T\u1eeb \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.\u201d[18]<\/a> Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c\u00fd th\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d, h\u1ecd ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mang t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n nh\u01b0: \u201c1\/Y\u00eau t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c qua c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 Con r\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1u Ti\u00ean<\/em>. L\u00f2ng \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5ng ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c hay c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 Vua H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, Tr\u01b0ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em>\u2026; 2\/ y\u00eau qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. V\u00ec y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft tha n\u00ean t\u00ecnh y\u00eau qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00e0ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 in s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n d\u00e2n qu\u00ea: l\u00e0ng ta phong c\u1ea3nh h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh\/ d\u00e2n c\u01b0 giang kh\u00fac nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh con long<\/em>\u2026 3\/ Y\u00eau gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1edfi gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. C\u00f3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1edbi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u01a1i k\u1ebft tinh nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t, con ch\u00e1u nh\u1edb \u01a1n t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean v\u00e0 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng \u00f4ng b\u00e0: Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 t\u00f4ng\/ nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 c\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/em>; Y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng cha m\u1eb9: \u0110\u00eam ra th\u1eafp \u0111\u00e8n tr\u1eddi\/ C\u1ea7u cho cha m\u1eb9 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi con<\/em>; T\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eafm thi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng: C\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i theo ch\u1ed3ng\/ \u0110\u1eafng cay c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n n\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng vui<\/em>. T\u00ecnh anh em ru\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt: Y\u00eau nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 tay ch\u00e2n\/ Anh em h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn hai th\u00e2n vui v\u1ea7y<\/em>.\u201d[19]<\/a>     T\u00ecnh y\u00eau qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n gian m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft qua vi\u1ec7c tr\u00edch gi\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n B\u0129nh Khi\u00eam, Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9, Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn, Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ebf X\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Du, Chu M\u1ea1nh Trinh, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u<\/em>\u2026       Khi lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c trong th\u01a1 v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u, V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh trong Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ABCD t\u1eadp I th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX<\/em>, \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o n\u1ed5i th\u1eddi th\u1ebf song kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eddi th\u1ebf khu\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i m\u00ecnh. S\u1ed1ng trong ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh l\u1ea1i mang th\u00eam m\u1ee5c t\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef v\u1eb9n kh\u00ed ti\u1ebft thanh tao, tr\u1ecdn l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u00f4m \u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt s\u01a1n h\u00e0.\u201d[20]<\/a> Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh c\u00f2n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t trong th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng l\u00f2ng y\u00eau t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u hy sinh qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ea1n ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m trong th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb khi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u: \u201cKh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta chua x\u00f3t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1n h\u00e8n v\u00ec h\u1eadn s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, n\u00eau cao tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i h\u1eadu th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng g\u01b0\u01a1ng hy sinh cao \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n Nam kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn oai h\u00f9ng.\u201d[21]<\/a> Hay khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c qua th\u01a1 v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn c\u0169ng trong Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ABCD t\u1eadp I th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX,<\/em> V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNh\u00ecn chung, Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong l\u00f2ng \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5.\u201d[22]<\/a> Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn, khi lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 thi ca Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ebf X\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i \u0111i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ebf X\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb n\u1ed5i \u0111au c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf th\u00e1i nh\u00e2n t\u00ecnh v\u00ec theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: \u201cThi ca c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ebf X\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng \u01b0u th\u1eddi m\u1eabn th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: hoang mang \u0111au kh\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 tan, ph\u1ea9n u\u1ea5t v\u00ec \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p Nho s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc, tay sai cho th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, v\u00e0 than kh\u00f3c cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p.\u201d V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u201cN\u1ebfu Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 than kh\u00f3c m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ea1n ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m, n\u1ebfu T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 than kh\u00f3c cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong phong tr\u00e0o v\u0103n minh ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ebf X\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 than kh\u00f3c cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.\u201d[23]<\/a> Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00f2ng y\u00eau qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u cung b\u1eadc kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \/ v\u0103n c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1u trung l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n tr\u00e2n qu\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mai sau.     <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

 3.-Thay l\u1eddi k\u1ebft<\/em><\/strong>   <\/mark>    N\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n m\u1ef9 n\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u201cnh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n\u201d, \u201cd\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ckhai ph\u00f3ng\u201d th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u201clu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n sinh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.\u201d[24]<\/a> V\u00ec th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n cho h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng.     
T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n qua ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n b\u1eadc Trung h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb c\u1ea5p n\u00f3i ri\u00eang c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 n\u00f3i chung s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n cho h\u1ecdc sinh, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb, m\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u0169, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1edf nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m nh\u1ee9c nh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed t\u1ebf. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i ri\u00eang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c x\u00fac, \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 h\u1ea7u l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb th\u1ebf nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. B\u1edfi, \u201cd\u00f9 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00fap t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, d\u00f9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o\u2026\u201d[25]<\/a> V\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao c\u1ea3 \u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u00f4n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n cho h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean qua n\u1ed9i dung ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c\u2026         <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0i Anh<\/mark><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/em><\/strong><\/mark><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

1-Nguy\u1ec5n Duy C\u1ea7n (1970), V\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u?, Nam H\u00e0 Xb., S\u00e0i G\u00f2n
2-V\u0169 K\u00fd, v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Ng\u1ecdc C\u1ea9n, Vi\u1ec7t V\u0103n to\u00e0n th\u01b0 T\u00fa t\u00e0i I Ban A.B.C.D., \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u Xb., S\u00e0i G\u00f2n
3-Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Di\u00eau (1970), Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u0103n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3ng b\u00ecnh, Nxb. Ho\u00e0nh S\u01a1n, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n.
4-Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh, (1968), N\u00f3i v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i, L\u00e1 B\u1ed1i xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, S\u00e0i G\u00f2nM.
5-Heidegger (1974), Th\u01b0 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a (b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef, Tr\u1ea7n Xu\u00e2n Ki\u00eam), T\u00e2n An Xb., S\u00e0i G\u00f2n
6-Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ebf Ng\u0169 (1961), (1962), (1965), Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed gi\u1ea3n \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2n bi\u00ean, T\u1eadp I, T\u1eadp II, T\u1eadp III,  Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc T\u00f9ng th\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n
7-Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975) s\u1ed1 7-8 (114-115) \/2014
8-Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, (1974),  Qu\u1ed1c V\u0103n l\u1edbp 12 ABCD, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n    
9.V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh, Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ABCD t\u1eadp I, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, , t\u1eadp II, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n Xb., S\u00e0i G\u00f2n    
10.\u0110\u00e0m Xu\u00e2n Thi\u1ec1u, Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng San, (1971) Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n \u0111\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n, l\u1edbp 11, B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Trung t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n   
11.Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ea3ng Tu\u00e2n, (1972) Gi\u1ea3ng v\u0103n l\u1edbp 10, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n     
12.\u0110\u1ed7 V\u0103n T\u00fa, (1970) Gi\u1ea3ng v\u0103n l\u1edbp 11 ABCD, V\u0103n H\u00e0o Xb., S\u00e0i G\u00f2n  <\/mark><\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

_______________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Ch\u00e1nh, \u201cGi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975) tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u201d, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n,<\/em> Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975), tr.13, 14
 [2]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ea3ng Tu\u00e2n, Gi\u1ea3ng v\u0103n l\u1edbp 10AB<\/em>, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi Xb., S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1972, tr.100
[3]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ea3ng Tu\u00e2n, Gi\u1ea3ng v\u0103n l\u1edbp 10AB<\/em>, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi Xb., S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1972, tr.135
[4]<\/a> Ch\u00e2u Tr\u1ecdng Ng\u00f4 \u201cNh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n,<\/em> Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975) s\u1ed1 7-8 (114-115) \/2014, tr.256
[5]<\/a>Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Ch\u00e1nh \u201cGi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975) tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u201d, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/em>, Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975) s\u1ed1 7-8 (114-115) \/2014, tr.50  
[6]<\/a> Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n l\u1edbp 12 ABCD<\/em>, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1974, tr.5
[7]<\/a> Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n l\u1edbp 12 ABCD<\/em> Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, SG, 1974, tr.118
[8]<\/a> Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, Qu\u1ed1c V\u0103n l\u1edbp 12 ABCD<\/em> Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1974, tr.121
[9]<\/a> V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh, Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ABCD t\u1eadp II th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX,<\/em> H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n Xb., S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, tr. 639
[10]<\/a> V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh, Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ABCD t\u1eadp II th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX,<\/em> H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n Xb., S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, tr. 683
[11]<\/a>V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh, Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ABCD t\u1eadp II th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX<\/em>, H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n Xb, SG, tr. 694-695  
[12]<\/a>V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh, Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ABCD t\u1eadp I th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX<\/em>, H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n Xb., SG, tr.30
[13]<\/a> V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh, Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ABCD t\u1eadp I th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX<\/em>, H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n Xb., SG, tr.36, 37 
[14]<\/a> V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh, Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ABCD t\u1eadp I th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX,<\/em> H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n Xb, SG, tr.51
[15]<\/a> Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, Qu\u1ed1c V\u0103n l\u1edbp 12 ABCD<\/em>, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, SG, 1974, tr.146
[16]<\/a> Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, Qu\u1ed1c V\u0103n l\u1edbp 12 ABCD<\/em>, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, SG, 1974, tr.147
[17]<\/a> Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Ch\u00e1nh \u201cGi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975) tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u201d, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3<\/em>n, Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975) s\u1ed1 7-8 (114-115) \/2014, tr.50
[18]<\/a>Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, Qu\u1ed1c V\u0103n l\u1edbp 12 ABCD<\/em>, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1974, tr.20 
[19]<\/a> Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, Qu\u1ed1c V\u0103n l\u1edbp 12 ABCD,<\/em> Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1974, tr.23, 24
[20]<\/a> V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh, Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ABCD t\u1eadp I th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX<\/em>,  H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n Xb., S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, tr. 189
[21]<\/a> V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh, Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ABCD t\u1eadp I th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX<\/em>, H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n Xb., S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, tr.195
[22]<\/a>  V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh, Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ABCD t\u1eadp I th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX<\/em>, H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n Xb., S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, tr.235 
[23]<\/a> V\u00f5 Thu T\u1ecbnh, Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ABCD t\u1eadp I th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, <\/em>H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n Xb., S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, tr.354, 355
[24]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Nh\u1eadt \u201cN\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975\u201d, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, <\/em>Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975) s\u1ed1 7-8 (114-115) \/2014, tr.79
[25]<\/a> Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Ch\u00e1nh \u201cGi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975) tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u201d, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n,<\/em> Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975) s\u1ed1 7-8 (114-115) \/2014, tr.51<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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Ngu\u1ed3n: Vanvn.vn \u201cV\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Tin\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u00f2n\u00a0g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0\u201cV\u0103n h\u1ecdc… Read more »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bn-hu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8986","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8986"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8986\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9038,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8986\/revisions\/9038"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8986"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8986"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8986"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}