{"id":8273,"date":"2024-01-23T15:20:36","date_gmt":"2024-01-23T20:20:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/?p=8273"},"modified":"2024-01-24T16:06:18","modified_gmt":"2024-01-24T21:06:18","slug":"20-nam-triet-hoc-tay-phuong-o-mien-nam-viet-nam-1955-1975-nguyen-van-luc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/?p=8273","title":{"rendered":"20 n\u0103m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1955 \u2013 1975\u00a0 (Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n L\u1ee5c)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\"<\/a>
(Tri\u1ebft gia Socrates – Hy L\u1ea1p)<\/mark><\/em><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n L\u1ee5c<\/mark><\/em><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

22.01.2024<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1918 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1950 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 k\u1ef3 thi t\u00fa t\u00e0i 2, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng 25 n\u0103m, m\u00f4n tri\u1ebft T\u00e2y m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf B\u1eafc v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Nam VN..<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi gian k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u1eafn. V\u1eady m\u00e0 s\u1ee9c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ean gi\u1edbi thanh ni\u00ean tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u1eadt l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u00f9ng trang l\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh, nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 cu\u1ed1n l\u1ed1c theo c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 c\u01a1n l\u0169, k\u00e9o theo nh\u1eefng b\u00e8 m\u1ea3ng, nh\u1eefng \u201cng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn\u201d, nh\u1eefng \u201chuy\u1ec1n th\u1ecdai\u2019 t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00eda, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng om s\u00f2m n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1n ch\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng n\u00e2ng l\u00ean t\u1ea7m cao \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, \u201cd\u1ea5n th\u00e2n\u201d, \u201cnh\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c\u201d, \u201cl\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi.. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh, kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, mong m\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n chi\u1ebfn tranh, cho C\u00e2y r\u1eebng c\u00f2n<\/em> xanh l\u00e1<\/em>. (t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc Lan)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed5i thay, bi\u1ebft bao ng\u00e3 r\u1ebd, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i hay th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh trang cho tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y mu\u1ed1n \u0111i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho ng\u00e0nh tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tinh th\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i n\u00e0y.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1-Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/em><\/mark><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 do c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn. \u1ede ngo\u00e0i B\u1eafc, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950-1952, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c V\u0169 Kim \u0110i\u1ec1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1n R\u00f4ma, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn Minh, B\u1eedu D\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0110\u1ed7 Minh H\u1ed3ng (Papineau) nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cha \u0110\u1ed7 Minh V\u1ecdng (Crass) 1 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn Minh sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 di c\u01b0 v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1ea1y tri\u1ebft nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1955 cho h\u1ecdc sinh Tr\u01b0ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Chu V\u0103n An. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 B\u1eedu D\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y \u00edt gi\u1edd \u1edf Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0l\u1ea1t. Trong s\u00e1ch: C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u1edf Hu\u1ebf c\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 B\u1eedu D\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Cha Papineau ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc do c\u00e1c b\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 Couvent des oiseaux, R\u00e9gina Pacis v\u00e0 sau h\u1ebft d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0l\u1ea1t. Ri\u00eang cha \u0110\u1ed7 Minh V\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Nam. Cha \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp C\u00e2u L\u1ea1c B\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. Cha c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c VN ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam2.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u00f4i c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a cha nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i: Nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/strong> H\u1ed3n b\u01b0\u1edbm m\u01a1 ti\u00ean<\/strong>. B\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha \u0110\u1ed7 Minh V\u1ecdng vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1956, t\u1ea1i C\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng S\u00e0ig\u00f2n. Tr\u1ebb gi\u00e0, hai th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp<\/em>. B\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc H\u00e8 1960. \u0110\u00e0l\u1ea1t trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean VN ng\u00e0y nay. De la mort d\u2019un combattant Vietnamien<\/strong> (B\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf cha y\u00eau d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c VN nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o) nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u1eef Nho v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft Kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh clb Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng n\u0103m 1940, \u1edf H\u00e0n\u1ed9i vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 clb sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam do cha V\u1ecdng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam3.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i B\u1eafc l\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1954, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ec7u L\u00e2u d\u1ea1y tri\u1ebft t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u01b0ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sau 1954, \u1edf trong Nam c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Kham, L\u1eef H\u1ed3, Ph\u1ea1m M\u1ea1nh C\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 C\u01b0\u1eddng, cha Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Huynh. Ngo\u00e0i Nha trang c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Cung Gi\u0169 Nguy\u00ean. Ngo\u00e0i Hu\u1ebf, cha Cao V\u0103n Lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1ea1y tri\u1ebft t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc. Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n H\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 sau th\u00eam gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 V\u0103n \u0110\u00ecnh Hy.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Trung H\u1ecdc. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lm ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lm Cao V\u0103n Lu\u1eadn, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n L\u1eadp, \u0110\u1ed7 Minh V\u1ecdng, Papineau, B\u1eefu D\u01b0\u1ee1ngvv. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc.. nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Cung Gi\u0169 Nguy\u00ean, Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n H\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u0103n \u0110\u00ecnh Hy, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 C\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Kham, B\u00f9i H\u1eefu S\u1ee7ng. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Kham, Cung Gi\u0169 Nguy\u00ean, B\u00f9i H\u1eefu S\u1ee7ng.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00ec danh t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Theo anh Ph\u1ea1m M\u1ea1nh C\u01b0\u01a1ng, sau n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1ea1c s\u0129, s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Thu ca, n\u0103m 1953, l\u00fac m\u1edbi 19 tu\u1ed5i, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a cha Cao V\u0103n Lu\u1eadn \u1edf Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf. Anh cho bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u khi v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, cha v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i ch\u00eam ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i may m\u1eafn l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef c\u1ea3.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ebb l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m Cao \u0110\u1eb3ng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai kho\u00e1, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e3i b\u1ecf, v\u00ec c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb B\u1eafc v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam. Th\u1eadt ra m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 hai n\u0103m. Trong hai n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c anh L\u1eef H\u1ed3, anh Ph\u1ea1m M\u1ea1nh C\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f3a hai ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 Tho, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y P\u00e9trus K\u00fd. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 Cha Cras, cha B\u1eedu D\u01b0\u1ee1ng, cha Papineau v\u00e0 cha Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n L\u1eadp (d\u1ea1y ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc).<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1o khoa tri\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn Minh, Cao V\u0103n Lu\u1eadn, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Khi\u1ebft, Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Huynh v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m M\u1ea1nh C\u01b0\u01a1ng, Tr\u1ea7n B\u00edch Lan vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa c\u1ee7a cha Cao V\u0103n Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00e1 g\u1ecdn, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc sinh d\u00f9ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau n\u00e0y.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a thu\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 tr\u1eafc tr\u1edf ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/strong>, l\u00e0m sao chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. T\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, h\u1eefu th\u1ec3, h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh, ti\u1ec1m th\u1ec3, v\u00f4 t\u00ednh, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, hi\u1ec7n sinh, h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n, th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u00ednh, th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch th\u1ec3, th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u00ednh m\u00f4 th\u1ec3\u2026<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i t\u1eeb th\u00ec k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u sai l\u1ec7ch tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a cha Cao V\u0103n Lu\u1eadn, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn Minh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4n tri\u1ebft d\u1ea1y \u1edf trung h\u1ecdc.. c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean Sa Tr\u1ea7n B\u00edch Lan, V\u0129nh \u0110\u1ec5, Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c An.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t chung l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y kh\u1ea3 k\u00ednh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9, v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0y. T\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i h\u1ed3i \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a anh Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7y Gaultier ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Tri\u1ebft T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Trong k\u1ef3 thi concours v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc S\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m tri\u1ebft n\u0103m 1961 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 thi: Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (en route). V\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Anh ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean?<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft anh V\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i tr\u00ean. Ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng anh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng chung, \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia hi\u1ec7n sinh th\u1eddi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Th\u1ea7y Gaultier l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a anh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 cho anh \u0111\u1ed7 cao. Nh\u01b0ng trong gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7y, th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea7y cho bi\u1ebft anh vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat n\u00e0o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa anh v\u00e0 t\u00f4i. V\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n cho anh r\u1edbt. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a anh v\u00e0 cho anh \u0111\u1eadu cao. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1eb3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tri\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi anh v\u1eabn gi\u1eef th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n danh t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/mark><\/em><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean. H\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u danh t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc.. Kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh t\u1eeb s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft gia. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 so\u1ea1n ngay m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 danh t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. Theo Cha Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn Minh, trong l\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1n T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Danh T\u1eeb Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 1, 1956 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1952, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 n\u1ed9i cu\u1ed1n Danh t\u1eeb Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc do m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 d\u1ea1y Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng t\u01b0.. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean s\u1ecdan ra n\u00f3 l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i nhu c\u1ea7u Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a m\u00f4n Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00fa t\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n hai Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba m\u1edbi manh nha. N\u0103m 1956, t\u1ea1i S\u00e0ig\u00f2n, nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1eeb 5-9 t\u1edb\u1ec9 10-9. Trong H\u00f4i Ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ban t\u1eeb ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ban. Ri\u00eang ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1eef Ti\u1ec3u Ban danh t\u1eeb Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 danh t\u1eeb l\u00e0m m\u1eabu in trong \u0110\u1eb7c san v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00e1ng 11-1956 c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Ho\u00e1 nguy\u1ec7t san, s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t 16.. N\u0103m 1959, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 cho xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n Danh t\u1eeb Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cu\u1ed1n Danh T\u1eeb Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc 1952 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00e1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1edbi nay \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n 6 n\u0103m, sau bao nhi\u00eau ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Danh t\u1eeb Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, nh\u1eb1m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 xung cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. Cha Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn Minh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft t\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch Danh t\u1eeb Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1952, t\u1ea1i H\u00e0n\u1ed9i. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai cu\u1ed1n sau, cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai c\u00f3. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1n Danh t\u1eeb Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u0169ng h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i kh\u00f4ng ghi t\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eadt ra h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Cao V\u0103n Lu\u1eadn, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0o V\u0103n T\u1eadp, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung, Cha Xu\u00e2n (Corpet) v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Tuy\u00ean. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 T\u1ef1 \u0110i\u1ec3n Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Lalande. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecf ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0o V\u0103n T\u1eadp ch\u1eb3ng may m\u1ea5t. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh so\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 B\u00e1ch khoa t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u0169ng ti\u00eau tan theo.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch danh t\u1eeb Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch danh t\u1eeb m\u00e0 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a danh t\u1eeb. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1eef Philosophie existentialiste c\u1ee7a Sartre \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi<\/strong> ch\u1eef Philosophie exixtentielle c\u1ee7a Gabriel Marcel v\u00e0 Karl Jaspers v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Philosophie<\/strong> existentiale c\u1ee7a Heideigger.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u0103m d\u00f2 ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb Ali\u00e9nation, extran\u00e9ation v\u00e0 ext\u00e9orisation. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o trong cu\u1ed1n Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u?d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed. Ch\u1eef Ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 d\u00f9ng theo. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian khi cu\u1ed1n Danh t\u1eeb Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Cao V\u0103n Lu\u1eadn d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng th\u1ec3 (H\u00e9gel)5,. Ch\u1eef ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai d\u00f9ng n\u1eefa. Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn Minh c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Ph\u00f3ng th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Vong Th\u00e2n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb tha ho\u00e1. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n To\u00e0n trong cu\u1ed1n T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Karl Marx, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh h\u1eb3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hai, t\u1eeb trang 58 \u0111\u1ebfn trang 122 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Vong Th\u00e2n<\/strong>. T\u00f4i d\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn vinh d\u1ef1 n\u00e0y cho Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n To\u00e0n. Ch\u1eef Vong Th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n To\u00e0n sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 Vong th\u00e2n trong C\u1ea7n lao, Vong Th\u00e2n trong Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, hay \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Vong Th\u00e2n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 vong th\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ecb tr\u1ecb vong th\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed5, k\u1ebb l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb vong th\u00e2n, c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ebfm c\u0169ng l\u00e0 vong th\u00e2n v.v\u2026<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 ch\u1eef Vong Th\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1eefa.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng trong s\u00e1ch T\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn Minh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 khai tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc C\u1ed5, Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc kinh vi\u1ec7n, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1eadn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong tam gi\u00e1o: Ph\u1eadt, L\u00e3o, Kh\u1ed5ng.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb sau cu\u1ed1n T\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn Minh.. \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c b\u1ed5 xung cho \u0111\u1ebfn 1975.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

2- Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tri\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u.<\/strong><\/em><\/mark><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tri\u1ebft ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn sinh ho\u1ea1t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. C\u00f9ng l\u1eafm \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh thi t\u00fa t\u00e0i hai v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00f5 n\u00e9t trong sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u0103n h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, trong n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng, n\u1ebfp ngh\u0129, n\u1ebfp h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi thanh ni\u00ean tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c..<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t then ch\u1ed1t gi\u1eefa hai th\u1eddi k\u1ef3..<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1eefa tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, suy t\u01b0\u1edfng. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u00f4i khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 b\u1ed5 theo ngh\u0129a Primum vivere. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi v\u1ec1, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p, B\u1ec9 hay Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, sau 1954 m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed sinh ho\u1ea1t tri\u1ebft, g\u00e2y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o tri\u1ebft m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n sinh.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd gi\u1ecfi, d\u00f9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ecd gi\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i Nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb trong H\u1ed3n b\u01b0\u1edbm m\u01a1 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a cha V\u1ecdng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ch\u00fat g\u00ec ng\u00e2y ng\u00f4, \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat bu\u1ed3n c\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u00e0i Gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb: hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp th\u00ec x\u01b0a qu\u00e1 r\u1ed3i.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng vang g\u00ec, ch\u00ednh b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. \u0110\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, nh\u1edd tri\u1ebft l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ec9nh, trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1n Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201c\u00c2u Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng n\u0103m<\/em> sinh ho\u1ea1t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ea7m v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n t\u1ebb. Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng<\/em> s\u00f3ng vang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, lay \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y trong<\/em> l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u2026 \u0110i\u1ec3m son c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i trong gi\u1edbi<\/em> v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/em> 6.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o tri\u1ebft l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n sinh k\u00e9o theo m\u1ed9t<\/strong>\u00a0th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 gi\u1edbi<\/strong>\u00a0tr\u1ebb v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m con hoang trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/strong><\/mark><\/em><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tri\u1ebft d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong gi\u1edbi Sinh Vi\u00ean nh\u01b0 L\u00ea T\u00f4n Nghi\u00eam, Th\u00e2n V\u0103nT\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u1eeba trong gi\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1ch in nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n To\u00e0n, Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ec9nh. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec ngay trong gi\u1edbi Sinh Vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 L\u00ea Th\u00e0nh Tr\u1ecb, L\u00e2m Ng\u1ecdc Hu\u1ef3nh(d\u1ea1y X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc). Ho\u1eb7c \u00edt vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, qua nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, tham lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 thanh ni\u00ean, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Sau \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 xin d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n coi nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng vang th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Anh c\u00f3 hai b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u1ed5i c\u1ed9m th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u trong gi\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 b\u00e0i: Ph\u1ea1m Duy \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft<\/strong> v\u00e0 b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean B\u00e1ch Khoa, s\u1ed1 264, ng\u00e0y 1-1-1968 nhan \u0111\u1ec1: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con hoang c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u00d4ng Trung l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/em> nh\u1eefng tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026 \u00d4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng, m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c.<\/em> Nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh, nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7, tri\u1ebft l\u00fd d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0<\/em> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Nh\u1eefng Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, tha nh\u00e2n, ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, vong th\u00e2n, ng\u1ee5y t\u00edn, huy\u1ec1n<\/em> tho\u1ea1i, th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m, nh\u1eefng Alain Robbe Grillet, Nathalie Sarraute, Michel Butor, Sartre, Camus\u2026<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, B\u00e1ch Khoa, Th\u00f4ng<\/em> C\u1ea3m, Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 20.\u201d<\/em> 7.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp:\u201dD\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng, ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0<\/em> t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng sau \u00f4ng<\/em> th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n quen bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi (t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 v\u00e0 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn,<\/em> t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u00fa v\u1ecb b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d.<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Theo nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung tr\u00ean gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng thu\u1eadn chi\u1ec1u, hay ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n tri\u1ebft l\u00fd ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Theo Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n, c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00e1ch tra v\u1ea5n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c cao \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0o t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c tra v\u1ea5n, th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh, xao xuy\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn hay ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch nh\u1eafm c\u1ee7a NVT.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Nam trong t\u1eadp th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a anh. Hay trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft: V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec5n m\u01a1 hay hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/em> Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt T\u00e2n v\u1edbi: M\u01a1 v\u1ec1 M\u1ef9 th\u1ec3<\/em>. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n B\u1ea3y v\u1edbi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft: Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a hai \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung v\u00e0 L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung<\/em>. B\u00e1o Sinh vi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 6. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 3,5 v\u00e0 6 v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m: Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee7 ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Sinh vi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n anh c\u00f9ng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung v\u00e0 L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung<\/em>. Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n H\u1ea3o v\u1edbi: Nh\u1eefng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n anh<\/em>, SV, s\u1ed1 5. Nam Trung v\u1edbi: Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em>. Tr\u00e1ch Nhi\u1ec7m, s\u1ed1 3. Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Tr\u1eebng v\u1edbi M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n H\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 75, trang 9. Ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n.. Th\u1ebf Uy\u00ean v\u1edbi Ngh\u0129 trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tan r\u00e3<\/em>. Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Ho\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi \u0110i v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4m nay<\/em>. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, s\u1ed1 1, th\u00e1ng 7-1960. L\u1eef Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi M\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7,<\/em> xb Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y 1967, trg 140,141.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng theo \u0111u\u00f4i, b\u1eaft chu\u1edbc, l\u00e0m d\u00e1ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con hoang c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n vi\u1ebft:\u201dCh\u00ednh nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 \u0111i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i, 100 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eafc g\u00ec 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi n\u01a1i, t\u1edbi ch\u1ed1n Dasein, H\u01b0 v\u00f4, d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng, Ng\u1ee5y t\u00edn, Hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.. l\u00e0 g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng khi h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft v\u0103n th\u00ec l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. H\u1ecd d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e1t ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, coi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m d\u00e1ng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7, l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.*.<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n sinh qua c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung, qua nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Sartre theo ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh Sartre \u2013 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung- gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m d\u00e1ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft \u00e1n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i sau \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00ecn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c X\u00edt. C\u00f3 thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch kh\u00f4ng? Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qua l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung nh\u01b0 g\u1ee3i h\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4i. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1eb3ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia hi\u1ec7n sinh b\u1eb1ng ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

a. Trong gi\u1edbi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 d\u1ea1y tri\u1ebft<\/mark><\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong gi\u1edbi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1eb7ng Ph\u00f9ng Qu\u00e2n, Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c Tr\u1ee5, Hu\u1ef3nh Phan Anh, Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1ef1t T\u00e2n, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Nam.. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam? V\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u00e1n cao h\u1ecdc Tri\u1ebft th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c Tri\u1ebft gia Hi\u1ec7n sinh. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn \u00e1n Tri\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Tri\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7n Sinh c\u1ee7a Sartre? L\u00e0m sao c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn \u00e1n: M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc G. Marcel. <\/em>Nguy\u1ec5n v\u0103n Phi\u00ean. L\u2019existence d\u2019autrui et la fid\u00e9li\u00e9 dans l\u2019oeuvre de G. Marcel<\/em>.\u0110\u1eb7ng Ph\u00f9ng Qu\u00e2n. T\u1eeb Hi\u1ec7n<\/em> t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn Husserl \u0111\u1ebfn Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn Heidegger.<\/em> Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng Ti\u1ebfn. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c trong tri\u1ebft<\/em> h\u1ecdc Merleau Ponty<\/em>. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ecdc S\u0129.. vvv<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hu\u1ef3nh Phan Anh vi\u1ebft V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01b0 v\u00f4<\/em>. Nguy\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c Tr\u1ee5 vi\u1ebft V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0<\/em> s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3 h\u1eefu<\/em>. V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Simone de Beauvoir<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Ph\u00f9ng Qu\u00e2n. Vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 J.P sartre c<\/em>\u1ee7a Hu\u1ef3nh Phan Anh. Simone de Beauvoir v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p<\/em> c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ef3nh Phan Anh. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh<\/em> c\u1ee7a S. de Beauvoir<\/em> c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ef3nh Phan Anh. Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt v\u1edbi Kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m. Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1ef1t T\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u0110i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu hay quy\u00ean sinh. V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u1ec5n m\u01a1<\/em> v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1ef1t T\u00e2n, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Nam.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u h\u1ecd? T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi m\u00e0<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi thay cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/strong> S\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00fac m\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i t\u0103m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u01b0u v\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e0i tr\u00ed h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi.. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0o t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.. Kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00e1m truy v\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ecdn ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 truy v\u1ea5n<\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/strong>? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng l\u1ebd mang c\u00e1i d\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau? N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c tr\u1ebb tr\u00ean \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a Sartre v\u00e0 c\u00e1i tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u1ea5y?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, n\u00f3i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i theo \u0111u\u00f4i, b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng? Ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 oan cho h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng? V\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Hi\u1ec7n sinh, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb x\u1ebfp ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1eadu choai choai Hippie? Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng? Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u00f4i, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn? Ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n l\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7<\/strong> th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng n\u1ed5i vai tr\u00f2 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e0n anh<\/strong>. Kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e0n anh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o tho\u00e1i tr\u00e0o? Hay l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u1eefa, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n r\u1ed3i. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ef3nh Phan Anh,<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c Tr\u1ee5, Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1ef1t T\u00e2n, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Nam, \u0110\u1eb7ng Ph\u00f9ng Qu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i \u1edf h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t trong b\u00e0i \u201cNh\u1eefng con hoang c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung\u201d. V\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c kh\u00f3 long bi\u1ec7n minh\u2026 Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i. Gi\u1eadn th\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e0nh ch\u1ecbu.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 anh ch\u1ecb ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, \u00edt l\u1eafm l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u0169ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed5i vai tr\u00f2 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i.<\/strong> Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia n\u00e0o. V\u00e0 sau 30 n\u0103m m\u1edbi c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch: Ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n l\u00fd t\u00ednh thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay c\u1ee7a Kant, do B\u00f9i v\u0103n Nam S\u01a1n d\u1ecbch. Tr\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n Tri\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t. C\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in ra c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai hi\u1ec3u vi\u1ebft g\u00ec. Kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i\u2026 \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

b. Trong ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/mark><\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nh\u01b0: Chinh ph\u1ee5 ng\u00e2m v\u1edbi<\/em> t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ea7y.<\/em> L\u00ea Tuy\u00ean. Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c H\u01b0 v\u00f4. T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0 v\u1edbi<\/em> kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u0129nh C\u1eedu. Th\u1eddi gian Hi\u1ec7n Sinh trong \u0110\u1ecdan Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2n Thanh<\/em> c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Tuy\u00ean. G\u1eb7p g\u1ee1<\/em> gi\u1eefa \u00d4n Nh\u01b0 H\u1ea7u v\u00e0 Camus<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ebfn (t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc). Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 VN b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta mong mu\u1ed1n. Hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p g\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e9p. Ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t<\/strong> ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c minh ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed \u1ea5y<\/strong>.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean Chinh ph\u1ee5 ng\u00e2m, Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9, T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft gia b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i truy c\u1ee9u xem T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1t r\u01b0\u1ee3u, kh\u00e1t b\u1ea1n, kh\u00e1t l\u00e0m th\u01a1 ng\u00f4ng nay c\u00f3 th\u00eam kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu? C\u00e1i h\u01b0 v\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m si\u00eau h\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n? Gi\u1eefa c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng? Gi\u1eefa H\u1eefu Th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i Th\u1ec3? Hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u00eanh v\u00eanh b\u00ean b\u1edd, m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n g\u00e1c b\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu Th\u1ec3, ch\u00e2n kia ch\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i H\u01b0 V\u00f4? Hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n sinh, c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i x\u1ebf chi\u1ec1u? Hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t xao xuy\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i mong manh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian v\u1edbi c\u00e1i V\u0129nh H\u1eb1ng? \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u1edf tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f5i b\u00ean kia, c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4 tr\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00f9 kh\u01a1i xa v\u1eddi v\u1ee3i? T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i ta l\u00e0 c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i, ta l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5y r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5y, l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1i v\u00f4 minh hay c\u00f5i ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau ng\u1eef t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda, \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00e0m ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, xa nhau. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf, nay n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc? T\u1eeb c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean song c\u1eeda ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i trong s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c tr\u1edf<\/strong> th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 mang c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ea7y<\/strong>.. T\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0? C\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p, \u00e9p u\u1ed5ng kh\u00f4ng? Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u0103n<\/strong> ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m b\u00ecnh v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed9 chung n\u00e0o cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i qu\u00e1 c\u00e1i d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a<\/strong> ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/strong>? C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed7ng ch\u1ed1c mang v\u00f3c d\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1edbn v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 suy t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai? L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f3ng chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt truy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7n Sinh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u trong V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng c\u00e1i tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u1ea5y trong Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9, T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0 v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Du n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 n\u01a1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Th\u1eb1ng Cu\u1ed9i. Ai c\u1ea5m ch\u00fa Cu\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i ng\u1ed3i g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y \u0111a? M\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9? C\u00f3 phi l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, Cu\u1ed9i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u0103n c\u01a1 v\u00e0 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00e1n hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00e1n. N\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 ng\u1ed3i m\u00e3i \u1edf g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y \u0111a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y? \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1edd? Ch\u1edd c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1edd bao l\u00e2u?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u00f3ng chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn Hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb J.P Sartre kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

c. Trong gi\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/strong>.<\/mark><\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, L\u00e3o gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng nh\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i d\u00f9ng k\u00ednh chi\u1ebfu Hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt L\u00e3o. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i nh\u01b0 V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt qua l\u1ed1i ng\u00f5 c\u1ee7a J.P. Sartre<\/strong> hay: T\u1eeb l\u0103ng k\u00ednh<\/strong> Nho, Ph\u1eadt, L\u00e3o \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0103ng k\u00ednh Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Lu\u1eadn.<\/strong> Tam \u00cdch. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Hi\u1ec7n Sinh<\/strong>.. Quang Minh. T\u1eeb Bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng Hi\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u1ebfn Bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan<\/strong> Tu\u1ec7 S\u0129. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m La naus\u00e9e<\/strong> d\u01b0\u1edbi con m\u1eaft Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng J.P. Sartre.<\/strong> Heidegger, Jaspers v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Ph\u1eadt L\u00e3o Trang<\/strong>. Tam \u00cdch. T\u1ef1 Do hay \u0110au Kh\u1ed5. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia Hi\u1ec7n sinh. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m La naus\u00e9e d\u01b0\u1edbi con m\u1eaft Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1eadt qua l\u1ed1i ng\u00f5 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/strong>. Th\u00edch \u0111\u1ee9c Nhu\u1eadn. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Heideigger trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00f4 Tr\u1ecdng Anh. Tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Heideigger v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/strong>. Ch\u01a1n H\u1ea1nh. V\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i di\u1ec3m Om\u00e9ga, \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt, L\u00e3o Trang? Nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do, v\u1ec1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa hai tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft? Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh chung c\u1ee7a hai ph\u00eda?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t d\u1ea1o n\u00e9t s\u01a1 th\u1ea3o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, nh\u1eefng trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7n Sinh nh\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u? \u0110\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hay t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u g\u00ec? Kh\u00f4ng ai tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft sau n\u00e0y, \u00edt c\u00f2n ai \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa tri\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7n Sinh v\u00e0 Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

d. Trong gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/mark><\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n sinh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 g\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o th\u00ec ch\u1ed1ng k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t tr\u00ean Giao \u0110i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 8, n\u0103m 2004 c\u00f3 cho \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0o Trung \u0110\u1ea1o nh\u1eb1m ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m bu\u1ed3n v\u00ec \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 b\u00e1o c\u0169ng trong ch\u1ed7 quen bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0i c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c\u2026 \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh\u2026 \u00d4ng ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat trong l\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 xa g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u.. L\u00e0m sao, gi\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n? Cho n\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p thi\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng. T\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 Mounier, G. Marcel, thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu, l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Hi\u1ec7n sinh H\u1eefu Th\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u1edd Esprit l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.. Thay v\u00ec ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u00e1nh t\u1ea3 hay tri\u1ebft l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i Hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1edbi tha nh\u00e2n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, huy\u1ec1n ni\u1ec7m, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 trung th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb ra \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Hi\u1ec7n sinh \u1edf trong mi\u1ec1n Nam, h\u1ecd ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, c\u00f4ng k\u00edch th\u1eadm t\u1ec7 nh\u00f3m Hi\u1ec7n sinh ki\u1ec3u Sartre.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 nh\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: h\u1ea1 b\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a th\u1ee9 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i sau \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0: Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o m\u1ea7m ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n trong V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7. L\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1n ph\u01a1i b\u1ea7y trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft.Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1i thuy\u1ebft d\u00e3 th\u00fa h\u00f3a ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/strong>c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Th\u1ea1ch Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng, s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u1ed9t con b\u1ecbnh d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u1ea5y \u1edf b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n tri\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7n Sinh c\u1ee7a Sartre, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd nghi ng\u1edd l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Sartre m\u00e0 ra\u2026 Nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con hoang c\u1ee7a Sartre\u2026 Cho d\u00f9 theo hay kh\u00f4ng theo, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Sartre?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

e. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/mark><\/em><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ebft v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1ea1i th\u00eam ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em theo ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia nay ch\u1eedi th\u1ee9 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u1edbi \u1ea9n \u00fd ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi L\u1eef Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng(L\u1eef Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u 75, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 L\u1eef Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd)., Kh\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u.. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0110\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Chu T\u1eed. Hi\u1ec7n<\/strong> t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2m \u00f4, \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y trong V\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/strong> T\u1eeb V\u0103n H\u00f3a c\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n sa c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i bang. H\u1ecd ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y cho nh\u1eefng m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u00e3 h\u1eb3n nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Hi\u1ec7n sinh c\u1ea3. (ph\u1ea7n b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u00edch l\u1ea1i trong b\u00e0i: V\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con hoang c\u1ee7a JP Sartre c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung. Xin tr\u00edch nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft:\u201dC\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng uy t\u00edn v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Trung l\u00e0 do<\/em> gi\u1ecdng v\u0103n s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a, m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a \u00c2u T\u00e2y m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3<\/em> c\u00f4ng \u0111em v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/em> \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c m\u1ecdi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y<\/em> Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1eadt ra uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u1edf t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7n<\/em> ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng.. n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng \u00fd ch\u00ed mu\u1ed1n c\u1ecd s\u00e1t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1edb ki\u1ebfn<\/em> th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. So v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadn \u0110\u1ecbnh 1, Nh\u1eadn \u0110\u1ecbnh 2 th\u00ec<\/em> Nh\u1eadn \u0110\u1ecbnh 4, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, ca t\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n x\u00e1c.. l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, d\u00f9<\/em> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 con hoang c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n nay, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t<\/em> \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam.<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B. Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ec9nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gieo tr\u1ed3ng tri\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n sinh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>h\u1ecdc.<\/em><\/strong><\/mark><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ec9nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng hay m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft d\u1ea3n d\u1ecb ho\u00e1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c, th\u00eam c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m. \u0110\u1ecdc \u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc kh\u00fac m\u1eafc v\u00e0 cao di\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i V\u0103n Nam S\u01a1n khi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ec9nh: Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t gi\u00e1o khoa \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tri\u1ebft t\u00e2y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc \u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c gieo tr\u1ed3ng, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tri\u1ebft gia nh\u01b0 Descartes v\u1edbi Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc Descartes, Nh\u1eefng suy ni\u1ec7m Si\u00eau H\u00ecnh H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Kant, Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hi\u1ec7n sinh, Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n, Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y (Lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, 1958.). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cu\u1ed1n Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

hi\u1ec7n sinh xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1969 do nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Th\u1eddi M\u1edbi, m\u00e0 theo \u00f4ng Tr\u00e0ng Thi\u00ean (t\u1ee9c V\u00f5 Phi\u1ebfn), cho bi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch b\u00e1n h\u1ebft ngay 2500 cu\u1ed1n, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Th\u00e0nh Tr\u1ecb b\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec vi\u1ebft kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. Xem ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec tri\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u1ed1i t\u0103m kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e2u. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng c\u00f2n k\u00fd d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00fat hi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean B\u00e1ch Khoa nh\u01b0:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hi\u1ec7n sinh. B\u00e1ch Khoa, s\u1ed1 114\/1961<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hi\u1ec7n sinh, s\u1ed1 115<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hai ng\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a 3 Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc Hi\u1ec7n sinh, s\u1ed1 16<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kierkegard, \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc Hi\u1ec7n sinh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, s\u1ed1 117-118<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nietzsche, Hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n, s\u1ed1 119-120<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Husserl, \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ecdc, s\u1ed1 121<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ecdc, s\u1ed1 122<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sartre, Hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00e0 Si\u00eau Vi\u1ec7t, s\u1ed1 123<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tri\u1ebft Gia v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7n Sinh, s\u1ed1 124<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Si\u00eau Vi\u1ec7t th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Jaspers, s\u1ed1 125-126-127<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Marcel Hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00e0 Huy\u1ec1n Ni\u1ec7m, s\u1ed1 129-130-131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sartre hay l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7n sinh phi l\u00fd, s\u1ed1 132<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e2n sinh quan c\u1ee7a Sartre, s\u1ed1 133-134\/1962<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Phong Tr\u00e0o Hi\u1ec7n Sinh, s\u1ed1 135-136<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Heidegger v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thi ca, s\u1ed1 169<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tri\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 264.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tha nh\u00e2n. Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ec9nh, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Merleau Ponty. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Heideigger v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thi ca.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u00edt l\u1eafm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n sinh. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng tri\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1c.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn tay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1edbi trung l\u01b0u th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p b\u1eb1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i b\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn hay d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00fd \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n B\u00edch Lan, V\u0169 \u0110\u00ecnh L\u01b0u, Tr\u1ea7n Phong Giao, Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o, Tam \u00cdch, \u0110\u1ed7 Long V\u00e2n, L\u00ea huy Oanh, \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ebfn, L\u00ea Tuy\u00ean, L\u1eef Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Kh\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u, Cao Th\u1ebf Dung, Ph\u00f9ng Th\u0103ng, Ph\u00f9ng Kh\u00e1nh, C\u00f4 Li\u00eau, \u0110\u1eb7ng Ph\u00f9ng Qu\u00e2n,Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Nhu\u1eadn, Nghi\u00eam Xu\u00e2n H\u1ed3ng\u2026 Trong s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u00edt, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai b\u00e0i, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 nh\u01b0 Cao Th\u1ebf Dung, L\u1eef<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Kh\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u. Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh c\u1ed5 x\u00fay cho phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y. G\u00e2y th\u00eam s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ed5 x\u00fay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 soi d\u00f5i cho nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hay tri\u1ebft l\u00fd D\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 L\u00ea Tuy\u00ean,Tam \u00cdch, \u0110\u1ed7 Long V\u00e2n, Tu\u1ec7 S\u0129. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u, vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, Tr\u1ea7n Phong Giao, V\u0169 \u0110\u00ecnh L\u01b0u.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p qua b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n sinh c\u1ee7a J P Sartre.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i sau \u0111\u00e2y<\/strong>:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a J.P Sartre.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n dang d\u1edf.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 si\u00eau h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Thi ca v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n sinh.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Sartre trong \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn hay \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 T\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Camus.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 V\u00e0i c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m phi l\u00fd c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ea7y.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tra h\u1ecfi.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u0110\u1ecdc v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a J.P Sartre.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Camus. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n dang d\u1edf.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh, gi\u1edd th\u1ee9 25 c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 D\u1ecbch v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a Camus.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n sinh (tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n) c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ec9nh.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh. \u0110i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ec9nh.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung g\u00e2y ra kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch truy ch\u1ee5p, vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n sinh. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i tri\u1ebft l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 v\u1ed1n ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn Sartre hay<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Heideigger. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u \u00fd t\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5u c\u1ee3t b\u00ean l\u1ec1. Theo Tr\u1ea7n Phong Giao, nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e1o b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y, c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 15 ng\u00e0n s\u1ed1 h\u1ed3i 1967-1968 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o hay t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f4i kh\u00ed h\u0103ng say qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i Lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung, t\u1eeb th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1edfi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn lu\u00e2n l\u00fd trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. B\u00f9i Tu\u00e2n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 M\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung V\u0103n \u0110\u00e0n s\u1ed1 23, 12-11-1960<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o m\u1ea7m ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n trong v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7. B\u00fat Nh\u1ecdn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 T\u00e1n th\u00e0nh hay ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n sinh. Anh Ch\u1ee9c.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 L\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 nghe. K\u00ednh d\u00e2ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 JP. Sartre. Sa Nh\u0103ng.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 C\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ee5. Hi\u1ec7n sinh. Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u00f3c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1i thuy\u1ebft d\u00e3 th\u00fa h\u00f3a ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Th\u1ea1ch Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00f4 Th\u00f9y D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Thanh ni\u00ean h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a J.P Sartre. V\u00f4 Vi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn(v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc). Qu\u1ed1c Minh.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p th\u1eafc m\u1eafc nh\u1eefng con c\u1ee7a Sartre, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung. Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh C\u00f4n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u0110\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd J.P Sartre. Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Thi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n sinh. Th\u1ebf Nguy\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng, s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u1ed9t con b\u1ecbnh d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Cao th\u1ebf Dung.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7, v\u0103n h\u00f3a qua nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch. Cao Th\u1ebf Dung.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 T\u1eeb v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u201cc\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n sa c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i bang. Kh\u1ea3i tri\u1ec1u.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 M\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch. Cao th\u1ebf Dung<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2m \u00f4 \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n nay. Tin V\u0103n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u0110\u1ecdc t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Chu T\u1eed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc khi\u00eau d\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng. Tam \u00cdch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Sartre v\u00e0 Heideigger, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ai, v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u? Tam \u00cdch.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Heidegger v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng VN. Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Thi\u1ec7n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat \u1edf VN. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c x\u00edt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau 1963. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 T\u1eeb Hi\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Nh\u1eefng con hoang c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng hay \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd. Nam H\u00e0 Trung.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C. Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/mark><\/em><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u1edf Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y b\u00fat vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u1eb1m gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc l\u1ea1i \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0u \u00fd t\u1edbi.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Camus, J.P Sartre.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Sartre, Y. berger, Simone.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Sartre t\u1ecf r\u00f5 th\u00eam v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec3n \u201cles mots\u201d b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a J.Piatier do Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o d\u1ecbch.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Sartre.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 J.P Sartre v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i Nobel<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Ti\u1ec1n Phong l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u1ee7a JP Sartre do Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o d\u1ecbch.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Gi\u00f3 v\u1ec1 Dj\u00e9mila. Camus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 K\u00edn c\u1eeda (Huis clos).<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 k\u1ecbch LES MOUCHES c\u1ee7a J.P Sartre<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

D. Tr\u1ea7n Phong Giao.<\/mark><\/em><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ebft l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Camus.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Camus. Th\u00e2n th\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung th\u1ef1c (d\u1ecbch Les Pestes) c\u1ee7a A.Camus.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 T\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i d\u1ecbch cu\u1ed1n \u201cGu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y\u201d.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ea5m m\u1ed3 (Morts sans s\u00e9pultures)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y (L\u2019engrenage)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 S\u1ef1 \u0110\u00e3 r\u1ed3i (Les Jeux sont faits). Tr\u1ea7n Phong Giao v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0ng d\u1ecbch.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Les s\u00e9questr\u00e9s d\u2019Altona<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng xin tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 TPG, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi cho vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ec9nh, nay \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa \u1edf tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0y.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc, nghi\u1ec1n g\u1eabm, tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi say m\u00ea th\u00edch th\u00fa.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

E. Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n To\u00e0n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc M\u00e1c x\u00edt<\/strong>, L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc M\u00e1c cho nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n.<\/mark><\/em><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tranh lu\u1eadn nh\u1ecf gi\u1eefa anh Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c Tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Trung \u0110\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. Theo nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft th\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 trong th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0l\u1ea1t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ea5y tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 kh\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ri\u00eang Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n To\u00e0n th\u00ec c\u00f3 ba cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y l\u00e0: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111i v\u00e0o Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/em>, X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Karl Marx.<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n d\u00f9ng cho sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m d\u1ef1 bi v\u0103n khoa \u1edf Hu\u1ebf, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1961-1962. C\u00f3 n\u0103m ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hai v\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 Hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Karl Marx. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n trong v\u1eadt gi\u1edbi, hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n trong nh\u00e2n gi\u1edbi, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00fd v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7-th\u1eb1ng \u1edf. Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m suy ngh\u0129 \u0111i v\u00e0o tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc M\u00e1c.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong cu\u1ed1n X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng giao ng\u1ed9, t\u01b0 do r\u1ed3i c\u1ea1nh tranh sinh t\u1ed3n gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tha nh\u00e2n, k\u1ebb l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 ba d\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c:T\u00ecm Hi\u1ec3u tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Karl Marx. Trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hai quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Vong Th\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vong th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c vong th\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n To\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft M\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd M\u00e1c X\u00edt kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n l\u1ed1i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n hay nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c- L\u00eanin. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u, t\u00ednh \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean d\u00f9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, nh\u01b0ng theo t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00e1 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 l\u00fd th\u00fa. Khi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in ra, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung, nh\u1eefng th\u00e8me ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 60. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n To\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd, m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong> M\u00e1c \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u0169ng tr\u00e1nh \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 l\u00f4g\u00edch nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/strong> \u1ea5y.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafc h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch do ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c mi\u1ec1n Nam hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a M\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ai h\u01a1n \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

F. L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung<\/mark><\/em><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang ra, L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t d\u1ea1y tri\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y tri\u1ebft<\/strong>. \u00d4ng d\u1ea1y tri\u1ebft hay vi\u1ebft tri\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u01b0u mang \u1ea5p \u1ee7. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd \u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y tri\u1ebft thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay theo l\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1c. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o, ngay c\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a M\u00e1c. Trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 B\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/em> trong m\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc hay Nhi\u1ec7m V\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kinh doanh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a M\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebfr \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7-th\u1eb1ng \u1edd, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebf giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Gandhi v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thanh ni\u00ean ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u1edbi Phong tr\u00e0o h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi v.v\u2026 \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u00f3m H\u00e0nh Tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung v\u00e0 L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eadt ra, danh t\u1eeb C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1964.<\/strong> D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf b\u1ebf t\u1eafc l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ai th\u1eafng ai ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda. Ph\u00eda C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft M\u00e1c x\u00edt v\u1edbi Duy v\u1eadt s\u1eed quan \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 chia r\u1ebd nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc theo XHCN \u0111\u1ec1u r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, th\u1ee5t l\u00f9i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi phe T\u1ef1 Do cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u0169 sang th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi. T\u01b0 b\u1ea3n M\u1ef9 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf VN m\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i th\u1ee9 ba. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 hai kh\u1ed1i T\u1ef1 Do v\u00e0 T\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. V\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n. Theo L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung, C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u Phi, Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 La Tinh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ee7i nh\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00f3i r\u00e1ch, th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t, b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 can \u0111\u1ea3m thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t do ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, d\u00e1m th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t do th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. Trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1n C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c, L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung vi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/em> x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sinh t\u1ed3n, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 danh d\u1ef1<\/em>\u2019\u2019. T\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam, thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i, nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i duy tr\u00ec c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 hay s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam. Mi\u1ec1n Nam ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1ea1nh, v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n, v\u1eeba v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n. Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i. L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung CMV\u0110\u0110, trang 103.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ebft t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft khai th\u00e1c, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u00ean t\u1edd Tr\u00ecnh B\u00e0y th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n T\u00ecm v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c<\/strong> m\u00e0 m\u1ee5ch \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 x\u00fay cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u1ea5y d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

G. L\u00ea T\u00f4n Nghi\u00eam: K\u1ebb gieo tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9a.<\/em><\/mark><\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

L\u00ea T\u00f4n Nghi\u00eam c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt d\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng say m\u00ea tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3 ai s\u00e1nh b\u00ec. C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng l\u0103n l\u1ed9n, s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 say m\u00ea m\u1ed7i khi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u1edbi. \u00d4ng h\u0103ng say n\u00f3i ra. Nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1eadt v\u1edbi ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a. \u00d4ng tr\u0103n tr\u1edf, \u00f4ng ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm, m\u00e0y m\u00f2, tra c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y lan man, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm r\u00f5 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng l\u00fang t\u00fang v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 khi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khi vi\u1ebft. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Karl Jasper v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n, Trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng t\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9 s\u00e1ch g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u1ecfng: \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean t\u01b0<\/em> t\u01b0\u1edfng. Hay con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd t\u1eeb Kant \u0111\u1ebfn Heidegger.<\/em> Nxb Tr\u00ecnh B\u00e0y, 1970. R\u1ed3i Heideigger<\/em> tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/em> L\u00e1 B\u1ed1\u00ed 1970. Tri\u1ebft gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ai<\/em>. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u00ednh<\/em> th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.<\/em> V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng K. Jasper<\/em>. v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em> 3 cu\u1ed1n, nxb tp H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. R\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc, b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y m\u1edbi xb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 cu\u1ed1n, \u0111i h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5 v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc kinh vi\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9, ch\u1eafc c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3 10 cu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1eefa n\u1eefa. \u00d4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9tg\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, dang d\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u truy\u1ec7n, hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia hi\u1ec7n sinh, \u00f4ng say m\u00ea th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u0169ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Heidegger. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Heidegger \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia n\u00e0y v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m g\u00ec n\u01a1i gi\u1edbi Sinh vi\u00ean.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

3- C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tri\u1ebft d\u1ea1y trung h\u1ecdc.<\/strong><\/em><\/mark><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tri\u1ebft ban t\u00fa t\u00e0i 2. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 V\u0103n Khoa S\u00e0ig\u00f2n, \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00e0l\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u00e0y c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf l\u1edbn l\u00ean m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, thay th\u1ebf d\u1ea7n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e0n anh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u00f4n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda Nam c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 mi\u1ec1n Trung. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd \u0111i gieo tr\u1ed3ng m\u00f4n tri\u1ebft tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp mi\u1ec1n Nam, \u0111em nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u1edbn, v\u00ec nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7<\/strong> thanh nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn<\/strong> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 chim \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Nguy\u00ean Sa Tr\u1ea7n B\u00edch Lan. Th\u1eadt ra, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u. Ngay t\u1edd Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i do \u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 A. Camus c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ebft Th\u00e0nh. Ri\u00eang \u00f4ng sau n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y v\u1edbi b\u00e0i: R\u1eddi b\u1ecf n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00fa \u1ea9n, \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1edd \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngay trong ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ea1y tri\u1ebft trung h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c luy\u1ec7n thi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c tri\u1ebft s\u00e2u xa g\u00ec.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0129nh \u0110\u1ec5, gs tri\u1ebft t\u1ea1i Coll\u00e8ge de Trois-Rivi\u00e8res v\u1edbi: Le probl\u00e8me de<\/em> l\u2019homme chez Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Consid\u00e9rations actuelles, essais philosophiques<\/em> v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c An, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng To\u00e0n, L\u00ea Thanh Ho\u00e0ng D\u00e2n, d\u1ecbch tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh. D\u1ecbch B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, Le Mur. Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0ng, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n trr\u01b0\u1edbc 75 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat b\u00e1o V\u0103n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 d\u1ecbch chung v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n Phong Giao nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean. \u0110inh V\u0103n H\u1ea3i, Ph\u1ea1m Vi\u1ec7t C\u01b0\u1eddng, cao h\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n khoa, S\u00e0ig\u00f2n, ch\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng M\u1ef9 Hi\u1ec1n, ch\u1ecb Chu Kim Long, r\u1ed3i Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110a, B\u00f9i Ng\u1ecdc Dung. Anh B\u00f9i Ng\u1ecdc Dung c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i nh\u01b0 Camus v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n<\/em> ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. J.P Sartre, t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng<\/em>. Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng Ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn \u00e1n T\u1eeb Hi\u1ec7n<\/em> t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn Husserl \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn Heigeigger, 1969<\/em>. Anh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i t\u1eeb Heideigger 1 \u0111\u1ebfn Heideigger 2. \u0110\u1eb7ng Ph\u00f9ng Qu\u00e2n, cao h\u1ecdc Tri\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u01a1i nh\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu tha nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi G.Marcel<\/em>. Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc<\/em>. Ch\u00e2n dung<\/em> tri\u1ebft gia. Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1c x\u00edt,<\/em> t\u1eadp truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn Mi\u1ec1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Uy\u1ec3n,\u2026 Th\u1ee5 Nh\u00e2n, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch L\u2019existentialisme est un humaniste v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n L\u2019existentialisme<\/em>. Hu\u1ef3nh Thanh T\u00e2m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, nay chuy\u1ec3n sang d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt. Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Nam, Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1ef1t T\u00e2n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3: T\u1eadp th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn \u00e1n Quan ni\u1ec7m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

c\u1ee7a Sartre v\u1ec1 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3., Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt, vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Minh, ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat t\u1edd Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21. Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ed3ng, L\u00ea M\u1ea1nh Th\u00e1t, h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t, sau \u0111i du h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 nay l\u00e0 ph\u00f3 vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o VN. Th\u00e0y vi\u1ebft L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o VN (ba t\u1eadp) Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/em> th\u1ebf th\u00e2n Vasubandhu. Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i t\u00f4ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp.<\/em> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed L\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, anh c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch: Thi s\u0129 da \u0111en<\/em>,. J.P. Sartre. T\u00f4 V\u0103n Lai, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0169, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00ecnh T\u1ea5n, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thu\u1ed9c, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu D\u01b0, \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u1ea7n Mi\u1ec5n, v\u1edbi b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t da m\u1ea7u<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc Lan v\u00e0 L\u00ea H\u1ea3o d\u1ecbch ra: Chant de louange pour la peau d\u2019\u00e9bene trong t\u1eadp: Le cr\u00e9puscule de la violence, nay l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt. V\u0169 Ch\u00ed H\u00f9ng, U\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1eb1ng, L\u00ea T\u1ea5n L\u1ed9c, V\u00f5 V\u0103n B\u00e9, Ph\u1ea1m Minh Qu\u00fd, V\u00f5 T\u00fac, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ngTr\u00fac v\u1edbi Sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac trong Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn M. Scheler. Hi\u1ec7n nay, anh Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Tr\u00fac l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ph\u00e2n khoa th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc NH Strasbourg, Ph\u00e1p, t\u00e1c gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch: V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a minh tri\u1ebft. Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng VN: v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

h\u1ecdc. V\u00e0 anh \u0111ang s\u1eafp s\u1eeda cho in cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc g\u1ed3m:<\/em> Eschyle, Sophocle, H\u00e9raclite, Parm\u00e9nide, Socrate.. \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m t\u1edd \u0110\u1ecbnh H\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u1ed7<\/em> Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Anh, Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea3nh, Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1ch v\u1edbi T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng. (Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn th\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a Paul Ricoeur) Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng To\u00e0n, Nguy\u1ec5n Thanh T\u00f9ng, Ho\u00e0ng Minh Kh\u00e1nh, V\u0129nh Phi\u1ebfu, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thu\u1ed9c, ch\u1ecb Phan Thanh Gia Lai, ch\u1ecb \u0110o\u00e0n Phi Loan, ch\u1ecb Thanh T\u00e2n, Nguy\u1ec5n Duy Di\u1ec7m, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Lan, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1eabn, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.  B\u00f9i V\u0103n Nam S\u01a1n, c\u00f3 \u0111i h\u1ecdc th\u00eam Tri\u1ebft \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch cu\u1ed1n Ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n L\u00fd t\u00ednh thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay c\u1ee7a Emmanuel Kant<\/em>, nxb V\u0103n H\u1ecdc, d\u00e0y 1261 trang. H\u1ed3 C\u00f4ng Danh, V\u00f5 Do\u00e3n Nh\u1eabn, l\u00e0m th\u01a1. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n L\u1ee5c, vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh V\u0103n h\u1ecdc. B\u00e0nh Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u00fd, D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Ba, Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n, Ph\u00f9ng Quy\u00ean.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i Hu\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c ch\u1ecb Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Chi, Di\u1ec7u Trang, Th\u00e1i Kim Lan, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Hu\u1ec7 T\u00edm<\/em> c\u1ee7a Hermann Hesse v\u00e0 k\u1ecbch Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean<\/em> c\u1ee7a B.Bretch. T\u1eadp Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m<\/em> gi\u00e1c t\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n l\u00fd t\u00ednh thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay<\/em>. (lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129) T\u1ed1ng Th\u1ecb Lan, Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00e2u, vi\u1ebft ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn. Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ee7 Ng\u1ecdc T\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u1edbi b\u00fat k\u00fd Ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng<\/em>. Th\u01a1 v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e1i hoa ph\u00f9 dung<\/em>. Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Gi\u1ea7u, v\u1edbi Ph\u1ed3n Hoa kinh<\/em>, hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat m\u1ea1ng Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n, b\u00ean \u00dac. L\u00ea T\u1eed Th\u00e0nh, Nguy\u1ec5n Nguy\u00ean Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Tr\u1ea7n Xu\u00e2n Ki\u00eam, d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng Ti\u1ebfn, Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Thi\u1ec7n, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u0103ng Dung cu\u1ed1n Martin Heideigger<\/em>.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 gieo g\u1eb7t n\u00e0y, \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t mi\u1ec1n Nam, t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y, t\u1eebng n\u0103m, \u00e2m th\u1ea7m truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t, c\u1ea5y ni\u1ec1m tin, c\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, gieo v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean mi\u1ec1n Nam nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c t\u00edn. N\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng ra, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn Trung H\u1ecdc,<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tri\u1ebft, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t V\u0103n.. \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c t\u00edn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.  D\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u00e1c t\u00edn, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng xin nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, x\u00e1c t\u00edn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng do nh\u1ed3i s\u1ecd, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong th\u1eddi gian 20 n\u0103m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y n\u1eefa. Ch\u1ec9 xin l\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ea m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i t\u00ednh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi trau d\u1ed3i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 may m\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn l\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tri\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. C\u00e0ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f4m nay, ni\u1ec1m chua x\u00f3t c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn\u2026 Th\u1eadt ti\u1ebfc cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb h\u00f4m nay \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i may m\u1eafn nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026 Xin t\u1ea1 l\u1ed7i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng xin n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh, tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng \u1ea5y.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

4- Tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Tri\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y tri\u1ebft T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam<\/strong>.<\/mark><\/em><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0i gi\u1edd l\u00ean m\u00e1y bay v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Canada, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111ang suy ngh\u0129 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n. T\u00f4i k\u00eau xe Honda \u00f4m l\u00ean nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n b\u00e0y t\u1ecf v\u1edbi anh ta m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u: c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam<\/strong>. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1i \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 ra, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1 l\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00eang ng\u1ea3 v\u00ec tr\u00fang \u00fd nhau, r\u1ed3i c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. Nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng sau \u0111\u00e2y vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eb7ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u1eddi tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A. Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 do suy ngh\u0129, ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ee9 n\u00f3i t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u. Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng.. Nh\u01b0ng xin nh\u1eafc m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 trong c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i trong ph\u1ea1m vi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb o \u00e9p trong ph\u1ea1m vi h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. V\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o Su\u1ed1i l\u1ed3. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. \u1ede n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5, trung c\u1ed5, c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7. Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, Trung Hoa, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc M\u00e1c X\u00edt c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

d\u1ea1y trong cours Tri\u1ebft s\u1eed. T\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ai ng\u1edd t\u1edbi l\u00e0 khoa th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 Galil\u00e9e th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 d\u1ea1y tri\u1ebft s\u1eed nh\u01b0 Raguin d\u1ea1y \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 say m\u00ea t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e2u r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kheo, hay kh\u1ea5t s\u0129. Larre c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. Tchen1, Tchen 2 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i, d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n th\u00f4i, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n, L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung, Tr\u1ea7n v\u0103n To\u00e0n b\u00ea kh\u1ec7 n\u1ec7 \u00f4ng M\u00e1c v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ai n\u00f3i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. B\u00ea Sartre, b\u00ea Heideigger ho\u1eb7c v\u00e1c G. Marcel v\u00e0o thao di\u1ec5n n\u00f3i hay l\u00e0m lu\u1eadn \u00e1n l\u00e0 tha h\u1ed3. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ngh\u1ecbch chi\u1ec1u nhau, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea3 khuynh, h\u1eefu ph\u00e1i, c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn hay b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf s\u00f4i b\u1ecfng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta th\u1eed nh\u00ecn xem nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng, khoa tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc V\u0103n khoa, S\u00e0ig\u00f2n, tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. N\u00f3 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Phong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u1ecb th\u1ebf nh\u00ecn, v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecdn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

l\u1ef1a v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3. V\u1eabn t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7. V\u1eabn c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc, c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a cho m\u00ecnh. Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c, c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u. Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i trung th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng xu n\u1ecbnh, b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eang ng\u1eeda. V\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i khuynh t\u1ea3, \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb. Kh\u00e1nh Ly, Tr\u1ecbnh C\u00f4ng S\u01a1n, c\u00e1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn c\u0169ng t\u1eeb n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea5t cao l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t s\u00e2u xa, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa mi\u1ec1n Nam, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3. B\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb ng\u1eedng \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u00ean kia c\u00fai, b\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng, b\u00ean kia n\u00f3i d\u1ea1. B\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c, b\u00ean kia t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. B\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, b\u00ean kia \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B. Tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc: \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u01b0u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh.<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ee1 l\u00f2ng cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n sinh b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u01b0u t\u01b0, bi\u1ebft xao xuy\u1ebfn, bi\u1ebft th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh hay bi\u1ebft v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean (theo ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Kierkegaard). Tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n (en soi), \u00f9 l\u00ec, nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 quy (\u00eatre pour soi). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm. Ph\u1ea3i thao th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0i nghi, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

ngh\u0129a gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh (esprit du s\u00e9rieux) c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. Ch\u1ed1ng n\u00ean l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm khi\u1ebfm kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (en route). C\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ea3y sinh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, nh\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c, d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a\u2026<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft trong c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean d\u1ec5 c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, h\u01b0 v\u00f4 h\u00f3a.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c tinh th\u1ea7n tri\u1ebft l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi th\u00fac d\u1ee5c say m\u00ea, m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. C\u1ee9 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u1ebd quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, \u0111i t\u00ecm quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi lang thang, ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9, ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i ng\u00e3 r\u1ebd, bi\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, bi\u1ebft d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n, bi\u1ebft tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong m\u1ed7i ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Coi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1eefa m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c khi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, m\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c trong 20 n\u0103m (1955-1975) v\u1eeba qua.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C. \u00dd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n nh\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>.<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a  nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 ba. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean t\u1ea3 gi\u00fap soi s\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i ra cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ngo\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 thanh ni\u00ean v\u00e0o c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh nhau m\u00e3i. Ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf \u00c2u ch\u00e2u, do ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung l\u1eadp (Position neutraliste), kh\u00f4ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n (non communiste).<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1968, Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 Th\u1ee3 thuy\u1ec1n \u1edf Paris tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLe peuple Vietnamien ne veut pas la paix que les communistes voudraient lui imposer. Il veut la<\/em> paix dans la dignit\u00e9 humaine. Il veut, en m\u00eame temps, une profonde r\u00e9volution sociale pour<\/em> assurer l\u2019avenir de la R\u00e9publique Vietnamienne<\/em>.\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh do ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n mu\u1ed1n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh trong s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.\u201d)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3i quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t. L\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi dao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c thua tr\u1eadn g\u1ea7n k\u1ec1.. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng v\u00e0o h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 gi\u1ea5y tri\u1ec3n h\u1ea1n, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hy v\u1ecdng n\u1eefa.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, M\u1ef9 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u1ef1a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o M\u1ef9. Li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch quan n\u00e0o, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o? M\u1ed9t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n? L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y cho nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cLa troisi\u00e8me force, C\u2019\u00e9tait une grande aspiration plut\u00f4t qu\u2019une force r\u00e9elle. Seules quelques<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

centaines de personnes \u00e9taient organis\u00e9s. Ces groupuscules \u00e9taient ouverts \u00e0 tous les vents, \u00e0<\/em> toutes les influences. Ils n\u2019avaient aucune id\u00e9ologie pr\u00e9cise\u201d.<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: \u201cL\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (hay th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n) th\u1ee9 ba cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecfn v\u1eb9n c\u00f3 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ecdi ph\u00eda v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u00e0o.\u201d)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEt cette derni\u00e8re raison explique pourquoi certains Vietnamiens pensent que Thi\u1ec7u ne<\/em> constituent pas la derni\u00e8re carte Am\u00e9ricaine dans le Sud. Cette derni\u00e8re carte, c\u2019est la Troisi\u00e8me<\/em> Force et les Am\u00e9ricains seront sans doute amen\u00e9s \u00e0 la jouer, sans doute mal ou trop tard<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: &quot;V\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho r\u1eb1ng Thi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00e1 b\u00e0i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. L\u00e1 b\u00e0i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9 ba m\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n ho\u1eb7c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng hay.\u201d)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00ecn theo vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n, nh\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ngay trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng thua cu\u1ed9c \u0111i n\u1eefa, gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u1eabn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o, k\u1ebb ti\u00ean tri cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau 30 th\u00e1ng 4<\/strong>. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng x\u00f3a b\u1ecf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea3ng tr\u1ecb, hay to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00fang ta. Do v\u1eady, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cao tr\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i t\u1ef1 do, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u2026, thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, sau 30 th\u00e1ng 4, b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sau h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Hi\u1ec7n sinh th\u00f4ng qua J.P Sartre \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng sinh ho\u1ea1t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c mi\u1ec1n Nam. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi so v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. D\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sau h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i, so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa hai mi\u1ec1n.. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n L\u1ee5c<\/mark><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

22 & 24.1.2024<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/mark><\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- LM Alexis Cras (1909-1962), tu s\u0129 d\u00f2ng \u0110aminh, qua VN t\u1eeb 1932, \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp CLB Ph\u1ee5c<\/em>
H\u01b0ng (cercle renaissance) t\u1ea1i H\u00e0n\u1ed9i 1941 v\u00e0 S\u00e0ig\u00f2n 1955, gi\u00fap gi\u1edbi SV \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em>
Louis Pasteur t\u1eeb 1938-1944. Cha gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean ph\u1ee5 t\u1ec9nh \u0110aminh chi Lyon t\u1eeb 1954-1961,<\/em>
\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Khoa S\u00e0ig\u00f2n (1956-1962) v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0l\u1ea1t (1958-1962). Th\u00e1ng<\/em>
5-1962, ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 b\u00ean Ph\u00e1p ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i th\u00ec b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111au tim v\u00e0 m\u00e2t ng\u00e0y 07-7-1962, t\u1ea1i Lyon,<\/em>
Ph\u00e1p, th\u1ecd 53 tu\u1ed5i.<\/em>
2- Xin xem th\u00eam lu\u1eadn \u00e1n Les Catholiques Vietnamiens pendant la guerre d!ind\u00e9pendance 1945-<\/em>
1954 entre la reconqu\u00eate coloniale et la r\u00e9sistance communiste. Tran thi Li\u00ean. 1996<\/em>
3- Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn cha \u0110\u1ed7 Minh V\u1ecdng l\u00e0 do lm \u0110\u1ed7 xu\u00e2n Qu\u1ebf, Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng, cho ph\u00e9p<\/em>
t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ebft t\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a cha V\u1ecdng, nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c, t\u00e0i<\/em>
li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n, th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c ngay t\u1eeb sau 1975.<\/em>
4- Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Cung Gi\u0169 Nguy\u00ean v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Nam ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc Nha trang.<\/em>
B\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u00e0i Le Mot, \u0111\u0103ng trong t\u1eadp san France-Adie, 1948. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4<\/em>
d\u1ee5ng, 1930. Nh\u00e2n t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf th\u00e1i, 1931. N\u1ee3 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, 1934. Volont\u00e9s d!existence, 1954. Le fils<\/em>
de la baleine, 1956. Le daumaine maudit, 1961 v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Huy\u00ean, 1995.<\/em>
5- Xem danh t\u1eeb Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Cao V\u0103n Lu\u1eadn, \u0110\u00e0o v\u0103n T\u1eadp, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung, Linh M\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n, Tr\u1ea7n<\/em>
V\u0103n Tuy\u00ean, trang 17.<\/em>
6- Tr\u00edch Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hi\u1ec7n sinh, Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ec9nh, nxb V\u0103n H\u1ecdc, trang 7.<\/em>
\u2013 V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n sinh. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, s\u1ed1 3 th\u00e1ng 9, 1960.<\/em>
\u2013 V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Si\u00eau h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc Th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m, 9-57<\/em>
\u2013 Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p, TK 20, s\u1ed1 6, th\u00e1ng 12<\/em>
\u2013 Nh\u1eadn \u0110\u1ecbnh 1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn, h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn, th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m, e l\u1ec7, t\u1ef1 t\u1eed.T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/em> tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3.<\/em><\/mark>
\u2013 Sau h\u1ebft, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng n\u00ean k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u,<\/em> huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, tha nh\u00e2n, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn, d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh, th\u00e2n x\u00e1c vong th\u00e2n, ng\u1ee5y t\u00edn, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0<\/em> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean v\u0103n khoa n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn<\/em>7- T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nhan \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ec9nh, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung hay c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n<\/em> \u0110\u1ea1o, Tr\u1ea7n Phong Giao th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, in photocopie t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1: Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng<\/em> ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 qua. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat, k\u1ebb l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng, Montreal 2000, c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung.<\/em>
Trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3 v\u1edbi V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n sinh, t\u1eeb trang 323 \u0111\u1ebfn trang 392. 20 N\u0103m Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ede Mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1955 \u2013 1975<\/em><\/mark><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

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Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n L\u1ee5c 22.01.2024 T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1918 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1950 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 k\u1ef3 thi t\u00fa t\u00e0i 2, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. C\u00f3… Read more »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bn-hu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8273","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8273"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8273\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8325,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8273\/revisions\/8325"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8273"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8273"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8273"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}