{"id":12755,"date":"2025-02-12T16:46:32","date_gmt":"2025-02-12T21:46:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/?p=12755"},"modified":"2026-02-12T16:47:34","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T21:47:34","slug":"tham-kich-trai-cai-tao-sau-nam-1975-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/?p=12755","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o sau n\u0103m 1975"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-22.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-22-1024x682.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12759\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5014718003061345;width:563px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-22-1024x682.png 1024w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-22-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-22-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-22-624x416.png 624w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-22.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201ccu\u1ed9c t\u1eafm m\u00e1u\u201d n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea1i khi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ng\u00e0y 30\/4\/1975. Bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i v\u00e0 theo 1 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng 6\/1975, c\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n g\u00f3i gh\u00e9m qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi, theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng d\u00e0nh cho c\u1ef1u qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Trong ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u0129 quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0103n u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, h\u1ecd \u0111i ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0o l\u00fac 22:00. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c. H\u1ecd b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng t\u1ed1p 40 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ecb d\u1ed3n l\u00ean xe t\u1ea3i. Kho\u1ea3ng 100 chi\u1ebfc xe nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi S\u00e0iG\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t doanh tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u2013 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khu giam gi\u1eef qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u1eeda n\u0103m sau, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1i giam kh\u00e1c c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea1i c\u0169 h\u01a1n 60km. H\u1ecd nghe c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u201cn\u1ee3 m\u00e1u v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c. T\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i nghe th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfm c\u01a1m v\u00ec nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i h\u1ecd.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Trong h\u00e0ng n\u0103m tr\u1eddi, c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ch\u1ec9 \u0103n khoai m\u00ec (c\u1ee7 s\u1eafn) v\u00e0 v\u00e0o r\u1eebng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 5g s\u00e1ng. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u0103m 1980, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7m t\u00f9 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 40.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua x\u00e9t x\u1eed.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u0103m 1988, Th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Th\u00f4ng tin Vi\u1ec7t Nam (sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng) x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 100.000 c\u1ef1u qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c S\u00e0i G\u00f2n b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m t\u00f9 trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n tin qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho r\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 200.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u0103m.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 sau 12 n\u0103m trong tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi may m\u1eafn s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u1ef1u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia mi\u1ec1n Nam Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n S\u01a1n k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng trong 2 th\u00e1ng \u00f4ng b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ed3ng G\u0103ng (t\u1ec9nh Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a) c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 100 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu \u0103n v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed1c men ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 Qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 10 ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng \u0111i bi\u1ec1n bi\u1ec7t g\u1ea7n 3 n\u0103m. Trong 10 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o L11 g\u1ea7n Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a, theo v\u1ecb b\u00e1c s\u0129 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 t\u1eed, 16 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn bu\u1ed5i x\u00e9t x\u1eed m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fay v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung \u00fay thu\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u1edf T\u00e2y Ninh. L\u00fac x\u00e9t x\u1eed, c\u00f3 2 chi\u1ebfc quan t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1eb5n k\u1ebf b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft h\u1ecd ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00ec sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o? Chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u0169 m\u1edbi b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef?!!!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Giam gi\u1eef v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ngay sau ng\u00e0y 30\/4\/1975, c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a \u201ch\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c kh\u00f3a c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u00f9 kh\u1ed5 sai.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e1ng 3\/1977, \u0110\u00e0i Ph\u00e1t thanh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 5% s\u0129 quan qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ph\u1ea3i \u0111i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Theo h\u00e3ng tin AP, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 100 tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 150.000 qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169 b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua x\u00e9t x\u1eed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t b\u1ecb nh\u1ed1t v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Giam gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ngo\u00e0i qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh l\u00edu \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u0169ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u0103m 1975, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 bu\u00f4n t\u1ea1i Bu\u00f4n Ma Thu\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb giam trong tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o g\u1ea7n 3 n\u0103m v\u00ec s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e1ng 8\/1975, 20 l\u00e1i bu\u00f4n l\u00faa g\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tra t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1979, t\u1ee9c 4 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e1i bu\u00f4n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u00c2n x\u00e1 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho bi\u1ebft trong n\u0103m 1976 \u2013 1977 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u0169ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m1975.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1978, nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o trong \u201cchi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n\u201d. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn 3 n\u0103m.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u0103m 1980, h\u00e3ng tin AP cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 200 linh m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb b\u1eaft gi\u1eef, h\u01a1n 50 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 30 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Nam T\u00f4ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Nam B\u1ed9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u0103m 1985, \u1ee6y ban v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng cho T\u00f9 nh\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 300 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m t\u00f9 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m t\u00f9 r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u nh\u01b0 T\u00f4 Th\u00f9y Y\u00ean (13 n\u0103m t\u00f9), Phan Nh\u1eadt Nam (14 n\u0103m t\u00f9), Th\u1ea3o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng (17 n\u0103m t\u00f9).&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u00e1n n\u1eb7ng n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. V\u00ec sao c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o?&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 giam gi\u1eef d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e1ng 9\/1980, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 20.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. Kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e9p t\u1ed9i h\u1ecd \u201cph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cg\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn an ninh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng\u201d. Quan ch\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t x\u1eed.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sau 7 n\u0103m duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, n\u0103m 1982, B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01a1 Th\u1ea1ch tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o sang M\u1ef9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m 1984, Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn sau \u0111\u00f3, Vi\u1ec7t Nam y\u00eau c\u1ea7u M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea3m&nbsp;nh\u1eefng t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y sau khi qua M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1985, nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao k\u1ef3 c\u1ef1u L\u00ea \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd n\u00f3i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang giam gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng 10.000 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng Th\u1ecd kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169. \u00d4ng cho bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t n\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia \u01b0u t\u00fa c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam. L\u00fd do c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ea3 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 v\u00ec lo ng\u1ea1i h\u1ecd c\u00f2n s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang mi\u1ec1n Nam.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Do kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua x\u00e9t x\u1eed, t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n s\u1ebd giam gi\u1eef ai khi th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi d\u00e2n. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giam gi\u1eef h\u1ecd v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c thi Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris 1973 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi giam gi\u1eef kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n, b\u1eaft h\u1ecd lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed5 sai.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec1u 11 \u2013 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris 1973:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ngay sau khi ng\u1eebng b\u1eafn 2 b\u00ean mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2013 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf th\u00f9 h\u1eb1n, c\u1ea5m m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u00ean n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean kia.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2013 B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n: t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, t\u1ef1 do h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp, t\u1ef1 do t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, t\u1ef1 do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u1ef1 do t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u1ef1 do \u0111i l\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 do c\u01b0 tr\u00fa, t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m \u0103n sinh s\u1ed1ng, quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau n\u0103m 1975 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau h\u1ee3p l\u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169 ho\u1eb7c ai ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00f9 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ebft v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3i:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thi\u1ebfu t\u00e1 Khong Nang Hanh, ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u00e1o binh, b\u1ecb g\u00e3y h\u1ebft h\u00e0m r\u0103ng sau 10 n\u0103m \u0111i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean t\u1edd The Leader Post t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1i t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u1edf Philippines v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1986: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0103n c\u01a1m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y trong th\u00e1ng. M\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0103n c\u1ee7 c\u1ea3i tr\u1eafng, khoai v\u00e0 b\u1eafp\u201d.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu t\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a cho bi\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng 1.500 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n trong tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u1edf t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 Nam Ninh (nay thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n Kim B\u1ea3ng, t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 Nam) m\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef, m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 15 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3i \u0103n v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 2 n\u0103m th\u00ec ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c men t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0. Tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u1edf H\u00e0 Nam Ninh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy Xu\u00e2n, nguy\u00ean Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1, b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef. \u00d4ng Xu\u00e2n qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1986 v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1ed9t t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c cho bi\u1ebft trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 r\u1eafn, th\u1eb1n l\u1eb1n. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n con v\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n, t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n \u0103n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sau 2 n\u0103m c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 36kg.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u00f9 nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n c\u01a1m tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i, r\u1ea5t \u00edt rau v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt trong c\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n. L\u00fac n\u00e0o t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y y\u1ebfu \u1edbt nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-24.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"690\" src=\"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-24-1024x690.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12762\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.4832218668217505;width:691px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-24-1024x690.png 1024w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-24-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-24-768x518.png 768w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-24-624x421.png 624w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-24.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#8f1e49\" class=\"has-inline-color\">M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u0103m 1987 tr\u00ean t\u1edd The Mercury News c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, minh h\u1ecda c\u1ea3nh trong tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. \u1ea2nh: Anna Mallett \/<\/mark><\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Trung t\u00e2m Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 L\u01b0u tr\u1eef (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Texas).<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng tay, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4 s\u01a1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ed7i bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t cho m\u1ed9t n\u1eafm c\u01a1m r\u1ed3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e0o k\u00eanh d\u00e0i 10m m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, th\u00e1ng sau h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1n 1 m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i g\u1ed7 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 sai b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m chuy\u1ec7n ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y, l\u1ee3p m\u00e1i, x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 cho h\u1ebft c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o c\u00f2n n\u00f3i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 mang ph\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u00f3n cho v\u01b0\u1eddn rau t\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng tay \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Trung t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu C\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c ph\u00f3 th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u00e0o ao, ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y t\u1eeb r\u1eebng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 d\u1ef1ng tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i Y\u00ean B\u00e1i.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00d4ng b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef r\u00f2ng r\u00e3 su\u1ed1t 12 n\u0103m v\u00e0 qua 5 tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ea5y n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103m g\u1eb7p, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ch\u1ebft trong khi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p. M\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o n\u00f3i m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb b\u1eaft trong khu v\u1ef1c b\u00e3i m\u00ecn c\u00f2n s\u00f3t sau chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n m\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng v\u00ec gi\u1eabm ph\u1ea3i m\u00ecn.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ea5u t\u1ed1 trong tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng xa l\u1ea1 g\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. \u1ede tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i khai l\u00fd l\u1ecbch chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u1edbi sinh ra cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1975, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi M\u1ef9.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n t\u1edd The New York Times, c\u1ef1u d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Tr\u1ea7n Ng\u1ecdc Ch\u00e2u, t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o g\u1ea7n Long Th\u00e0nh, cho bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 b\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u00fd l\u1ecbch chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hai l\u1ea7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u201c\u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9\u201d thao t\u00fang ra sao. Kho\u1ea3ng 1\/4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong bu\u1ed3ng giam c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u00fd l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Tr\u1ea7n Ng\u1ecdc Ch\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i lu\u1eadn t\u1ed9i n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi, t\u1eeb s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u, t\u1eeb chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i, t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thi\u1ebfu \u00fay Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u1eafng thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean b\u1eaft \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u00fd l\u1ecbch 3 \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng theo \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Nam.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u1ecbch nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i d\u00e0i d\u1eb1ng d\u1eb7c. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecba ra t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00ec c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n n\u00f3i ai th\u00fa nh\u1eadn c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00ec c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd s\u1edbm cho h\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3, \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, ban ng\u00e0y lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ban \u0111\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-26.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"677\" src=\"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-26-1024x677.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12764\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5132761740884684;width:680px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-26-1024x677.png 1024w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-26-300x198.png 300w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-26-768x508.png 768w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-26-624x412.png 624w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-26.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#ba1d1d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u201ch\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o\u201d. \u1ea2nh: Marc Riboud \/ Flickr.<\/mark><\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t d\u00e3 man:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1 s\u1ed1 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh hay tra t\u1ea5n trong th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef. Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c b\u1eafn ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u1ef1u trung \u00fay Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1ecdc k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 100 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 90 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00f3.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Phi c\u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u1ecdng thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 6 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n trong nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tr\u1ea1i b\u1eafn ch\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. Khi \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3ng 150 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eafm \u1edf m\u1ed9t con su\u1ed1i. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, nh\u1eefng t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean xin ph\u00e9p c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 (\u0111i c\u00f9ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u) cho v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111i sau kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 khi nh\u1eefng t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng th\u00ec c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111i sau \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e3 s\u00fang m\u00e1y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n v\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ecd b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1t t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Phi c\u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u1ecdng c\u0169ng k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n (c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t) v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t trong 3 tu\u1ea7n. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y h\u1ecd th\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng cho t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t n\u1eafm c\u01a1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb treo hai tay l\u00ean cao v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft. X\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y b\u1ecb \u0111em ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed9p, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tr\u1ea1i t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o nh\u1eefng t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecd L\u1eadp cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam. T\u00f9 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb nh\u1ed1t v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng container.&nbsp; 2 tu\u1ea7n sau, x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o ra v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o quan t\u00e0i.<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-28.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1003\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-28-1003x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12766\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.9791530694513764;width:660px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-28-1003x1024.png 1003w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-28-294x300.png 294w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-28-768x784.png 768w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-28-624x637.png 624w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-28-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-28.png 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1003px) 100vw, 1003px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#a61d50\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Tranh minh h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t tra t\u1ea5n trong tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. Ngu\u1ed3n: San Jose Mercury News \/ Ng\u00e0y 11\/10\/1987 \/ Anna Mallett \/ Trung t\u00e2m Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 L\u01b0u tr\u1eef (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Texas).<\/mark><\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-30.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"945\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-30-945x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12768\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.9230880596474719;width:613px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-30-945x1024.png 945w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-30-277x300.png 277w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-30-768x832.png 768w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-30-624x676.png 624w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-30.png 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 945px) 100vw, 945px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#98204e\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><em>Tranh minh h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t tra t\u1ea5n trong tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. <\/em><br><em>Ngu\u1ed3n: Anna Mallett \/ Trung t\u00e2m Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 L\u01b0u tr\u1eef (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Texas).<\/em><\/mark><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, s\u1ef1 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn qua l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u0103m 1987, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf d\u1eabn tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p Phan Hi\u1ec1n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o vi ph\u1ea1m quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecda c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, n\u0103m 1987, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y (t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o) \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng xa hoa. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4-la t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi nu\u00f4i nh\u1eefng t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y\u201d.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00ec ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t h\u1ecd.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lui:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1977 \u2013 1978, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ef1u qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u00f3 c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1eabn b\u1ecb gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t g\u1eaft gao.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1978 cho hay \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i c\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 qu\u00e1 5 km v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ed1ng.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng an \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng. \u00d4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng b\u1ecb theo d\u00f5i.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a sau 7 n\u0103m c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1p x\u00edch l\u00f4.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u di chuy\u1ec3n gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n t\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh H\u00f9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1978, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea l\u00e0m n\u00f4ng th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1984 cho bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u1edf, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111i l\u1ea1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i cho h\u1ecd tham gia ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ra \u0111i c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 (v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p sang M\u1ef9 theo di\u1ec7n c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i theo di\u1ec7n \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n \u1edf M\u1ef9).&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u0103m 1986, t\u1edd b\u00e1o The Leader Post \u0111\u01b0a tin 1 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00ec c\u00f3 cha, m\u1eb9 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o 14 n\u0103m cho bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai trong 9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c con c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1p x\u00edch l\u00f4, th\u1ee3 h\u1ed3.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111ang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednhs\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed 3 \u0111\u1eddi d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean.<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-31.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"302\" src=\"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-31.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12769\" style=\"width:728px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-31.png 450w, https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-31-300x201.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#b2334d\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><em>Saigon 1988 \u2013 \u0110\u00f3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n \u201ch\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o\u201d(!) t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i ga S\u00e0ig\u00f2n: <\/em><br><em>(C\u1ef1u \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e1 Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng V\u0129nh &#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 r\u00e2u t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c)<\/em><\/mark><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c2n x\u00e1 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980, h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 giam gi\u1eef m\u00e3i t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y,Vi\u1ec7t Nam mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi M\u1ef9. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9 r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e1ng 9\/1987, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u00e2n x\u00e1 480 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 2 b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, 18 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c cao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, 9 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, bao g\u1ed3m t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu C\u00f3 c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u0129 quan qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 7.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00e0o d\u1ecbp T\u1ebft Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1n n\u0103m 1988, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u00e2n x\u00e1 cho 1.014 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 10 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3, bao g\u1ed3m t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n C\u1ea9m v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0129nh Nghi.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7\/1988, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a 11.000 c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o c\u00f9ng h\u01a1n 40.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u00fap M\u1ef9 m\u1edf ra ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cra \u0111i theo di\u1ec7n H.O\u201d. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0ng theo di\u1ec7n \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u0103m 1989, M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb 3 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean. V\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n giam gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng 100 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u0103m 1990, s\u1ed1 c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 1.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, danh s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam y\u00eau c\u1ea7u M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 60.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, M\u1ef9 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c, ra \u0111i theo c\u00e1c di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 con lai, \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 M\u1ef9 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. C\u1ed9ng th\u00eam n\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch giong thuy\u1ec1n ra Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">********<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5\/1992, \u00f4ng L\u00ea V\u0103n B\u00e0ng, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, cho bi\u1ebft trong d\u1ecbp k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y 30\/4, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990, M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ed7i n\u0103m kho\u1ea3ng 10.000 c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ef9. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea cho th\u1ea5y n\u0103m 1997, c\u00f3 468.500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 theo di\u1ec7n c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n.&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 145 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1edd ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 sang M\u1ef9 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u00e1o.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u1ed1 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi dai d\u1eb3ng cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau: V\u00ec sao \u00f4ng cha c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh bi \u0111\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?!!!!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#a4214e\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea1nh\/ Lu\u1eadt Khoa T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed<\/mark><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(Ngu\u1ed3n: Lu\u1eadt Khoa T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed)<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201ccu\u1ed9c t\u1eafm m\u00e1u\u201d n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea1i khi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ng\u00e0y 30\/4\/1975. Bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i&#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/?p=12755\">Read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12755","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bn-hu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12755","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12755"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12755\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12770,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12755\/revisions\/12770"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12755"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12755"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12755"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}