{"id":11478,"date":"2025-07-03T18:35:21","date_gmt":"2025-07-03T23:35:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/?p=11478"},"modified":"2025-07-03T18:35:21","modified_gmt":"2025-07-03T23:35:21","slug":"trang-ban-huu-vuong-trung-duong-chuyen-van-nguoi-xua-sua-lung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/?p=11478","title":{"rendered":"trang b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu \/ V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00f9ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng – Chuy\u1ec7n V\u00e3n:\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi X\u01b0a S\u1eeda L\u01b0ng\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i phi\u1ebfm Cao Nh\u01a1n, Nh\u01a1n Tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef \u201cCao nh\u00e2n t\u1ea5t h\u1eefu cao nh\u00e2n tr\u1ecb\u201d ghi v\u00e0i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng, gi\u1ecfi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 \u201cm\u1ee5c h\u1ea1 v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n\u201d nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cNh\u1ea5t s\u01a1n ho\u00e0n h\u1eefu nh\u1ea5t s\u01a1n cao\u201d (N\u00fai cao c\u00f2n c\u00f3 n\u00fai cao h\u01a1n) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ng\u1eabm. V\u00ec v\u1eady chuy\u1ec7n \u201cs\u1eeda l\u01b0ng\u201d n\u00f3i n\u00f4m na nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u201cph\u1ea3n ph\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e1 gi\u00f2 l\u00e1i\u201d gi\u1eefa hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt qua l\u1eddi n\u00f3i hay h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a s\u1eeda l\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf s\u1eeda l\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i\u2026<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0n d\u00e2n thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 khi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean tranh lu\u1eadn (debate) \u201ct\u1ea3 xung h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed9t\u201d ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n, nhanh, n\u1ebfu \u201cu\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee1i b\u1ea3y l\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i\u201d nh\u01b0 trong th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef Ph\u00e1p \u201cIl faut tourner sept fois sa langue dans sa bouche avant de parler\u201d th\u00ec s\u1ebd h\u1ebft gi\u1edd. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda l\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ean T\u00e0u, gia \u0111\u00ecnh T\u00f4 gia ph\u1ee5 t\u1eed, c\u1ee5 T\u00f4 L\u00e3o To\u00e0n (T\u00f4 Tu\u00e2n) c\u00f3 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi con l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c: T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi em l\u00e0 T\u00f4 Tri\u1ec7t, T\u00f4 Ti\u1ec3u Mu\u1ed9i; c\u1ea3 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed7 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed5i danh \u201cTam T\u00f4 khoa b\u1ea3ng\u201d trong th\u1eddi B\u1eafcT\u1ed1ng.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c (1037-1101), t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 T\u1eed Chi\u00eam, hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha c\u01b0 s\u0129. N\u0103m 21 tu\u1ed5i T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed7 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, em g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed7 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, vua T\u1ed1ng Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ban l\u1eddi khen cho c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u00f4ng m\u1edbi hu\u00eanh hoang: \u201cTrong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n b\u1ed3 ch\u1eef, \u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm hai b\u1ed3, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi em c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t b\u1ed3, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i cho thi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 t\u00e0i hoa, l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 r\u1ed3ng bay ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00faa, v\u0103n t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i kinh bang t\u1ebf th\u1ebf, tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c quan trong s\u1eed qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi t\u00e0i ba c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u201cNh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0103n gia chi t\u00f4ng\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng cha v\u00e0 em l\u00e0 ba nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed1ng b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i gia\u201d. C\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u00f4ng c\u00f3 V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch (1021-1086) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o. T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m th\u01a1 ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi T\u1ec3 T\u01b0\u1edbng V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch, cho r\u1eb1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n, t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n. T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u00e2n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng do V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00ec v\u1eady \u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i gai c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb T\u1ec3 T\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ea7y.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1071, T\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9c, l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y l\u00e0m tri huy\u1ec7n \u1edf H\u00e0ng Ch\u00e2u, Tri\u1ebft Giang. Trong bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ec5n bi\u1ec7t, th\u1ecb n\u1eef Xu\u00e2n N\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1n theo \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi g\u00f3c b\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb, n\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 v\u1eadn. Ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ng\u00f4ng, c\u00e0ng khinh mi\u1ec7t th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n. Phong c\u1ea3nh H\u00e0ng Ch\u00e2u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng c\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng, mang hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u00f4ng Pha c\u01b0 s\u0129, v\u00ec v\u1eady g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 T\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

 \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi vua T\u1ed1ng Ti\u1ebft T\u00f4ng, T\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 kinh l\u00e0m Binh B\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u01b0 (Qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00f2ng) ki\u00eam H\u00e0n L\u00e2m h\u1ecdc s\u0129, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 n\u0103m, c\u0169ng v\u00ec t\u00ednh ngang c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho b\u1ecdn quan th\u1ea7n ghen t\u1ef5, s\u00e0m t\u1ea5u n\u00ean \u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e1ng ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0m tri huy\u1ec7n \u1edf H\u00e0ng Ch\u00e2u, t\u1ec9nh Tri\u1ebft Giang. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, T\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0, \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m C\u00e1i C\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Thu Giang \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch \u0111\u0103ng t\u1eeb \u201cThi\u1ec1n Truy\u1ec7n\u201d ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u1eddi.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha, m\u1ed9t thi h\u00e0o Trung Hoa \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n ch\u00ed th\u00e2n, s\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p Di\u1ec5n.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Am c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p Di\u1ec5n \u1edf b\u00ean t\u1ea3 ng\u1ea1n s\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eed, c\u00f2n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a T\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha \u1edf b\u00ean h\u1eefu ng\u1ea1n.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y kia T\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m b\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n \u0111i v\u1eafng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0m khi ng\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea5y vi\u1ebft l\u00ean m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u: \u201cT\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha, con nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean long<\/em> b\u00e1t b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec lay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gang tay\u201d. Vi\u1ebft xong, b\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3 ra v\u1ec1.<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Khi Ph\u00e1p Di\u1ec5n v\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, b\u00e8n l\u1ea5y b\u00fat ghi th\u00eam: \u201cN\u00f3i b\u1eady! nh\u1eefng g\u00ec anh vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i r\u1eafm c\u1ee7a ta!\u201d<\/em> R\u1ed3i cho g\u1eedi t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y \u1ea5y cho T\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1eadn qu\u00e1, T\u00f4 b\u00e8n xu\u1ed1ng thuy\u1ec1n, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u00f4ng to, t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p Di\u1ec5n. G\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t, T\u00f4 v\u1eeba ch\u1ee5p tay, v\u1eeba qu\u00e1t to:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

– Anh l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00ec m\u00e0 d\u00e1m \u0103n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p sao? Anh bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i m\u00e0! T\u1ea1i sao anh l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf!<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1p Di\u1ec5n nh\u00ecn b\u1ea1n, m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh \u0111\u00e1p:<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

– \u00c0! th\u00ec ra nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i thi h\u00e0o T\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean long b\u00e1t b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng sao lay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gang tay, v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng r\u1eafm nh\u1eb9 kia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u00ean kia \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng giang bay tu\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1 nh\u1ec9!\u201d.<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Giai tho\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb th\u00e2m th\u00fay h\u01a1n. T\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha th\u00e2n quen v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u1ea4n. T\u00f4 cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc uy\u00ean b\u00e1c, th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh si\u00eau tho\u00e1t ch\u1ed1n ph\u00e0m tr\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, T\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0, v\u1eafng ch\u1ee7. T\u00f4 l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea5y vi\u1ebft \u201cB\u00e1t phong suy b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng…\u201d<\/em> t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cv\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d, c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean long b\u00e1t b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec lay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gang tay.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y l\u1eddi th\u01a1 tr\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a T\u00f4, b\u00e8n vi\u1ebft ngay ch\u1eef \u201cth\u00ed\u201d, cho \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 mang sang \u0111\u01b0a cho T\u00f4. Th\u1ea5y ch\u1eef \u201cth\u00ed\u201d – ngh\u0129a: ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecbt, \u0111\u00e1nh r\u1eafm –<\/em> T\u00f4 gi\u1eadn qu\u00e1, xu\u1ed1ng thuy\u1ec1n, v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng sang \u201cv\u1ea5n t\u1ed9i\u201d \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0. Nh\u00ecn n\u00e9t m\u1eb7t h\u1eb1m h\u1eb1m c\u1ee7a T\u00f4, \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1p:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

– Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean long b\u00e1t b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng sao lay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gang tay, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecbt, \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u01b0\u1eddng giang, bay sang \u0111\u00e2y, sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1 nh\u1ec9?.<\/em> R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp c\u00e2u th\u01a1: B\u00e1t phong suy b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng – Nh\u1ee9t th\u00ed m\u00e3 qu\u00e1 giang (Gi\u00f3 t\u00e1m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed5i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em> – M\u1ed9t ch\u1eef r\u1eafm x\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng).<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, ng\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec5, chi\u1ebfm h\u1ebft hai b\u1ed3 ch\u1eef trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. Khi v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n s\u01a1n c\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi v\u1ee1 l\u1ebd ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda l\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 s\u1eeda l\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00fa r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5m th\u00eda.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u01a1n c\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 t\u00e0i hoa T\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u0169a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00e2m th\u00fay c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng \u0111ang n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, uy\u00ean b\u00e1c, th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t kinh s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ea1i quan c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, T\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha v\u00e0o y\u1ebft quan T\u1ec3 T\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u00e2n l\u00fac V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch ngh\u1ec9 tr\u01b0a, ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee3i b\u00ean \u00e1n th\u01b0, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 h\u1ecd T\u00f4 th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o t\u1eadp th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean c\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y xem. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0i ng\u0169 ng\u00f4n t\u1ee9 tuy\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMinh nguy\u1ec7t s\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea7u khi\u1ebfu<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u00e0ng khuy\u1ec3n ng\u1ecda hoa t\u00e2m\u201d.<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha bu\u1ed3n c\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m th\u01a1 l\u1ea9m c\u1ea9m, tr\u0103ng s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 \u201ck\u00eau\u201d \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00fai, ch\u00f3 v\u00e0ng m\u00e0 \u201cn\u1eb1m\u201d nh\u1ee5y hoa! ch\u1eb3ng ra th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng g\u00ec c\u1ea3. T\u00f4 b\u00e8n l\u1ea5y b\u00fat ch\u1eefa hai ch\u1eef \u201ckhi\u1ebfu\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201cchi\u1ebfu\u201d, \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201c\u00e2m\u201d – s\u1eeda l\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 T\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u01a1i.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMinh nguy\u1ec7t s\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfu<\/em>
\u00a0Ho\u00e0ng khuy\u1ec3n ng\u1ecda hoa \u00e2m\u201d.<\/em>
\u00a0(Tr\u0103ng s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00fai<\/em>
\u00a0Ch\u00f3 v\u00e0ng n\u00fap b\u00f3ng hoa).<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y T\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebft xa m\u00e0 ngang nhi\u00ean s\u1eeda l\u01b0ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho ch\u00e0ng m\u1edf m\u1eaft nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Khi T\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha mang t\u1ed9i l\u00e0m th\u01a1 ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i quan V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0y ra H\u00e0ng Ch\u00e2u. N\u01a1i mi\u1ec1n s\u01a1n l\u00e2m n\u1ea7y T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp ngao du m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i chim g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Minh Nguy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i s\u00e2u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng Khuy\u1ec3n.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cChim Minh Nguy\u1ec7t h\u00f3t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00fai<\/em>
\u00a0S\u00e2u Ho\u00e0ng Khuy\u1ec3n n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00f3a hoa\u201d<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ed1n n\u00fai r\u1eebng n\u1ea7y chim Minh Nguy\u1ec7t k\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00fai, s\u00e2u Ho\u00e0ng Khuy\u1ec3n n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa nh\u1ee5y hoa. Tuy\u1ec7t.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh T\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha, sau th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y \u0111i xa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc s\u00e0ng kh\u00f4n, t\u00e2m t\u00ednh kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1t. Sau khi V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch qua \u0111\u1eddi, T\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ee3i ca: \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf h\u1ecdc Kh\u1ed5ng M\u1ea1nh, cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi theo M\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ecbch, L\u00e3o \u0110am, thu th\u1eadp di v\u0103n l\u1ee5c nghe, l\u1ea5y \u00fd m\u00ecnh quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi m\u1ebb\u201d.<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ean T\u00e2y, hai nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, Voltaire (1694-1778) & Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778). Voltaire n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u J.J Rousseau ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 Voltaire nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 hai \u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y gh\u00e9t nhau. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Candide, vi\u1ebft theo l\u1ed1i ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm, nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp l\u1edbn lao trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3\u2026<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cJean-Jacques l\u00e0m tri\u1ebft gia\u201d Voltaire t\u1eebng n\u00f3i, \u201cgi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ec9 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d: hao hao nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1eb1ng.  Voltaire ch\u1eedi r\u1ea5t \u0111au.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa hai \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Rousseau hai nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng Voltaire l\u00e0 vua ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm.  V\u00ec ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm m\u00e0 \u00f4ng v\u00e0o t\u00f9 Bastille m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian.  V\u00ec ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf Ph\u00e1p qua n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n. Voltaire s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: k\u1ecbch; th\u01a1; lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a; v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc (Dictionnaire Philosophique) d\u1ea7y c\u1ed9m v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.  Nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u1ecfng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh Candide. Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft vi\u1ebft theo l\u1ed1i ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc lo\u1ea1i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 v\u1eeba c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba kh\u00f3c nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ebfu l\u00e2m \u0111\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng. <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u1edbi Voltaire t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 (liberal): Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean qua l\u00fd tr\u00ed. Ca ng\u1ee3i v\u0103n minh, khoa h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n, ho\u00e0i nghi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf. \u1ee6ng h\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. V\u0103n minh l\u00e0m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tha h\u00f3a. Tin v\u00e0o Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (Deism), \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. Voltaire mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u00f4n h\u00f2a h\u01a1n v\u00ec tin v\u00e0o l\u00fd tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Rousseau t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn (radical), ca ng\u1ee3i tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c, b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1eb7t con tim tr\u00ean tr\u00ed \u00f3c, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00fac gi\u1edd t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i \u00fd nh\u01b0ng \u201cHai h\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ed1t chung m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed3ng\u201d v\u00e0 Voltaire t\u1ef1 coi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e0n anh m\u00e0 Roussaeau \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i v\u1eeba n\u00ean n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201c\u0111\u00e0n anh\u201d.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Voltaire ch\u1eedi \u201cJean-Jacques l\u00e0m tri\u1ebft gia\u201d\u2026 \u201cgi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ec9 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d: hao hao nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1eb1ng. <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Rousseau g\u1eedi Voltaire ng\u00e0y 18\/8\/1756: \u201c\u00d4ng Voltaire gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con ch\u00f3 gi\u00e0 trong chu\u1ed3ng: n\u00f3 g\u1eb7m x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee7a v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0103n\u201d.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i m\u00e0 khi xung kh\u1eafc d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, th\u1eadt \u0111au l\u00f2ng. \u0110\u1ebfn khi c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft xu\u00f4i tay, c\u00f9ng n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n nhau, m\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n Panth\u00e9on l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n, ai l\u00e0 cao nh\u01a1n (?), t\u00f9y suy ng\u1eabm c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u n\u00f3i b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Voltaie: \u201cNh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nhau\u201d (Les beaux esprits se rencontrent) nh\u1eefng gi\u1eefa \u00f4ng v\u00e0 J.J. Rousseau th\u00ec ngh\u1ecbch nhau! \u0110\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf \u201cN\u00f3i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb1ng, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t n\u1ebbo\u201d nhan nh\u1ea3n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u201c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n\u201d l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Chuy\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n (1726-1784), h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 uy\u00ean b\u00e1c, thu\u1edf c\u00f2n trai tr\u1ebb n\u1ed5i danh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u00f4ng minh lanh l\u1eb9. N\u0103m 18 tu\u1ed5i, L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed7 Gi\u1ea3i nguy\u00ean, 27 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed7 H\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed7 \u0110\u00ecnh Nguy\u00ean B\u1ea3ng Nh\u00e3n v\u00e0o b\u1eadc l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c, v\u0103n hay ch\u1eef t\u1ed1t, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 ai s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb mang m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n n\u00ean ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, t\u1ef1 cao t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i, cho treo t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n \u201cThi\u00ean h\u1ea1 ngh\u0129 nh\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 lai v\u1ea5n\u201d (Thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u00f3 ch\u1eef g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, c\u1ee9 l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecfi), <\/em>gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi T\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m v\u1ecb Sa Di nh\u00e0 ch\u00f9a gh\u00e9 ngang, g\u1eb7p \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u1ea5t<\/em>\u201d \u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00fang t\u00fang v\u00e0 khi th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi, v\u1ecb t\u00fac nho t\u1edbi ph\u00fang \u0111i\u1ebfu, nh\u1edd \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft h\u1ed9, nh\u00e0 nho ch\u1ea9m r\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1eef \u201cchi, chi, chi\u201d,<\/em> \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef \u201cchi\u201d<\/em> n\u00e0o… \u00d4ng c\u1ee9 ch\u1ea7n ch\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1 b\u00fat ch\u1eef chi n\u00e0o. \u00d4ng nh\u00ecn l\u00ean th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb Sa Di v\u1eabn th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ee3i \u00f4ng h\u1ea1 b\u00fat! Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u00e1i th\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nho l\u00e0m cho \u00f4ng s\u1ef1c t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 g\u1ee1 t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n \u0111i?. Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n l\u00fac tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng \u00fd b\u00f4i b\u00e1c m\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb cao ng\u1ea1o cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf. Giai tho\u1ea1i n\u00f3i v\u1eady nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng oan cho \u00f4ng b\u1edfi khi \u0111\u1ecdc \u201cchi, chi, chi\u201d<\/em> kh\u00f4ng l\u1ebd vi\u1ebft ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef chi.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Theo T\u1ef1 \u0110i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t H\u00e1n N\u00f4m, ch\u1eef chi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 2 n\u00e9t (l\u00e0m chi, h\u00e8n chi), v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau: b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chi ly, b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebft, b\u1ed9 k\u1ef7 chi l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh r\u01b0\u01a1u ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, b\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9u ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfng c\u1eeda k\u1eb9t m\u1edf, b\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng chim non k\u00eau, b\u1ed9 chi l\u00e0 chi ly, b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9c l\u00e0 nh\u00e1nh c\u00e2y, b\u1ed9 nh\u1ee5c l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 chi,b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec3u, b\u1ed9 th\u1ea3o, b\u1ed9 th\u1ee7\u2026<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Theo T\u1ef1 \u0110i\u1ec3n Thi\u1ec1u Ch\u1eedu th\u00ec ch\u1eef chi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft n\u00e0o l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng chi, con th\u1ee9. Tr\u00e1nh, nh\u00e1nh: (d\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh). N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e0 chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng ngang th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chi c\u1ea3. Gi\u1eef, c\u1ea7m, c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3: (chi tr\u00ec). T\u00ednh: (t\u00ednh to\u00e1n). Chia r\u1ebd: (chi li, v\u1ee5n v\u1eb7t). \u0110\u1ecba chi: ch\u1ec9 12 chi (T\u00ed, S\u1eedu, D\u1ea7n, m\u00e3o, Th\u00ecn, T\u1ef5, Ng\u1ecd, M\u00f9i, Th\u00e2n, D\u1eadu, Tu\u1ea5t, H\u1ee3i). Ch\u00e2n tay (t\u1ee9 chi). C\u00e0nh, nh\u00e1nh)\u2026 T\u00f4i d\u1ed1t ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, N\u00f4m n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1m b\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1c l\u1ea1c n\u1ed9i dung.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef ta c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u201c\u0110i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u00e0ng kh\u00f4n\u201d<\/em> v\u00ec v\u1eady sau c\u1ee5 L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n l\u00e0m quan, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t \u0111i c\u00f4ng c\u00e1n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng S\u01a1n Nam, Tuy\u00ean Quang, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1772, 1774, l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f9ng t\u1ec7 tham nh\u0169ng, \u0103n h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a quan l\u1ea1i, kh\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea1c ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7, c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng man khai, tr\u1ed1n thu\u1ebf\u2026<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd qu\u00e3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u, th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u, nghe nhi\u1ec1u, bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean c\u1ee5 vi\u1ebft trong l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a s\u00e1ch Ki\u1ebfn V\u0103n Ti\u1ec3u L\u1ee5c: \u201cT\u00f4i v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n, l\u00fac c\u00f2n b\u00e9 th\u00edch ch\u1ee9a s\u00e1ch, l\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ra l\u00e0m quan, xem l\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9a trong t\u1ee7, v\u00e2ng theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a cha, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao du nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i phu. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng, b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng rong ru\u1ed5i: m\u1eb7t b\u1eafc sang s\u1ee9 Trung Hoa, m\u1eb7t t\u00e2y b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh Tr\u1ea5n Ninh, m\u1eb7t nam tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng (Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, Qu\u1ea3ng Nam). \u0110i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y tai nghe \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng b\u00fat ghi ch\u00e9p, l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn s\u01a1 qua, giao cho ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o t\u00fai s\u00e1ch\u201d.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ee5 L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf, t\u1eeb tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i phu \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 cho tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n\u201d. Tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb cao ng\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ecb s\u1eeda l\u01b0ng, khi v\u1ec1 gi\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u201ch\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e0ng kh\u00f4n\u201d n\u00ean t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9c b\u1ea1ch s\u1eeda l\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. Tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb cao ng\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ecb s\u1eeda l\u01b0ng, khi v\u1ec1 gi\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u201ch\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e0ng kh\u00f4n\u201d n\u00ean t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9c b\u1ea1ch s\u1eeda l\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1eadc tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i h\u1eadu th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0: V\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0i Lo\u1ea1i Ng\u1eef, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Th\u00f4ng S\u1eed v\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn V\u0103n Ti\u1ec3u L\u1ee5c, t\u1eadp b\u00fat k\u00fd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ea\u2026<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t S\u00e0i G\u00f2n l\u00e0 Coll\u00e8ge Indig\u00e8ne th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1874, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Coll\u00e8ge Chasseloup Laubat, theo t\u00ean B\u1ed9 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ea3i Qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. Sau n\u0103m 1954 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 Jean Jacques Rousseau. N\u0103m 1967, tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n. \u1ede Nha Trang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng mang t\u00ean.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e2n sinh, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 th\u01b0a th\u1ed1t th\u00ec h\u1eb1ng h\u00e0 sa s\u1ed1. Th\u1eddi n\u00e0o, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng v\u1eady. C\u00f3 v\u1eady m\u1edbi vui, m\u1edbi b\u00e1t nh\u00e1o, c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 kh\u00fa v\u1edbi nhau. Thi\u1ebfu n\u00f3, ch\u00e1n b\u1ecf bu. Ng\u1eadm mi\u1ec7ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5y t\u00ean ngh\u1ecb g\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u201cnh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f2i khinh khi, ph\u1ec9 nh\u1ed5.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ng\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao giai tho\u1ea1i, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n. Ch\u1ecdn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn khuynh kho\u00e1t, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 khinh b\u1ea1c th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng r\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y l\u1eafm \u0111i\u1ec1u chua cay!. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho c\u00e1i ng\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i: nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t (1808-1855) hi\u1ec7u Chu Th\u1ea7n, c\u00f9ng anh l\u00e0 Cao B\u00e1 \u0110\u1ea1t, khoa thi T\u00e2n M\u00e3o 1831 (Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb th\u1ee9 12) trong k\u1ef3 thi h\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 Th\u1ee7 khoa, c\u00f2n anh l\u00e0 Cao B\u00e1 \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu \u00c1 khoa.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ea3 2 k\u1ef3 thi H\u1ed9i v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu theo khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, ngao du \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi th\u01a1 t\u00fai r\u01b0\u1ee3u b\u1ea7u, l\u1ea5y v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m th\u00fa vui ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0103n hay ch\u1eef t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n. Khi nh\u00e0 vua ra c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i \u201cNh\u1ea5t b\u00e0o song sinh.<\/em>..\u201d, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i \u201cThi\u00ean t\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t ng\u1ed9.<\/em>..\u201d \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u201cl\u1ed1i\u201d c\u1ee7a Chu Th\u1ea7n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c ng\u1ee3i ca \u201cV\u0103n nh\u01b0 Si\u00eau, Qu\u00e1t v\u00f4 ti\u1ec1n H\u00e1n\u201d<\/em>. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3, \u00f4ng c\u00e0ng ng\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec5, khi d\u1ec5 c\u1ea3 vua v\u00ec v\u1eady sau n\u1ea7y \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y bao \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh cho m\u00ecnh.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong c\u00e1i ng\u00f4ng ngh\u00eanh, ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, cho m\u00ecnh qu\u00e1n th\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u201cshow off\u201d c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eddi: \u201cTrong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n b\u1ed3 ch\u1eef, \u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm hai b\u1ed3, anh \u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t b\u1ed3, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i cho thi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eadt ra, c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u1ea5y, Cao Chu Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng Pha \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng  \u1edf Trung Hoa.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Theo \u0110\u1ea1i Nam Th\u1ef1c L\u1ee5c, th\u00e1ng 8\/1841, Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m s\u01a1 kh\u1ea3o tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean. Th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i thi hay nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ea1m tr\u01b0\u1eddng quy, \u00f4ng b\u00e0n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 Phan Th\u1eddi Nh\u1ea1 l\u1ea5y son h\u00f2a v\u1edbi mu\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e8n ch\u1eefa l\u1ea1i 24 b\u00e0i. Khi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1i l\u1ed9, Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh. Sau khi \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng l\u00ean vua Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1ed9i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c nhau. Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 Phan Th\u1eddi Nh\u1ea1 b\u1ecb t\u1ed9i t\u1eed h\u00ecnh. Vua Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed7i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t n\u00ean ra l\u1ec7nh tha t\u1ed9i ch\u1ebft cho \u00f4ng v\u1edbi l\u1eddi ph\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng \u201cCh\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ec5 long tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ecdn Qu\u00e1t d\u00e1m l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00e9p v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1ng. Song ta ngh\u0129 do s\u1ef1 kh\u1edd d\u1ea1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0m ra, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft g\u00ec kh\u00e1c, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khoan tha cho t\u1ed9i x\u1eed t\u1eed\u2026”. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng ng\u1ee5c.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sau g\u1ea7n 3 n\u0103m b\u1ecb giam, v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n L\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 lo vi\u1ec7c s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u0103n th\u01b0. B\u1edfi kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan l\u1edbn trong Tri\u1ec1u, n\u0103m 1850, Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y \u0111i l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o th\u1ee5 \u1edf ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ed1c Oai (S\u01a1n T\u00e2y c\u0169). \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1850, \u0111\u1eddi vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c, \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y c\u1edb v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea ch\u1ecbu tang cha, sau \u0111\u00f3 xin \u1edf l\u1ea1i nu\u00f4i m\u1eb9 gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4i ch\u1ee9c.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t (1854-1856) \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u00e2y b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, khi l\u00ean ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1eddng  \u00f4ng \u1ee9ng kh\u1ea9u hai c\u00e2u:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBa h\u1ed3i tr\u1ed1ng d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f9 cha ki\u1ebfp<\/em>
M\u1ed9t nh\u00e1t g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u00e9o m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1eddi\u201d<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t cao ng\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng sau n\u1ea7y \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ef1c, d\u00e1m l\u00e0m d\u00e1m ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 coi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft nh\u1eb9 t\u1ef1a l\u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u1edbi hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt qua hai c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3  l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i h\u1eadu th\u1ebf tr\u1ea3i h\u01a1n hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u, nay nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm, Ng\u00f4 Th\u1eddi Nhi\u1ec7m (1746-1803) l\u00e0 danh s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf B\u1eafc h\u00e0 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 quan d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi vua L\u00ea – ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh. N\u0103m 1788, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 ra B\u1eafc c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec1n, \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u quan l\u1ea1i c\u0169 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u01b0 B\u1ed9 L\u1ea1i. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 nho s\u0129 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1eddng (1759-1816) \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t xin l\u00e0m quan. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u00ecn \u0111i\u1ec7u b\u1ed9 kh\u00fam n\u00fam, Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm coi th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

– \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00e0i v\u1eeba c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh, gi\u00fap vua cai tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3n ra c\u00fai th\u00ec \u0111i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n n\u00ean b\u1ecf v\u00e0o Nam theo Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh. N\u0103m 1802, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, l\u00ean ng\u00f4i vua Gia Long. \u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm \u0111ang b\u1ecb ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i V\u0103n Mi\u1ebfu, b\u00e8n ra c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

– Ai c\u00f4ng h\u1ea7u, ai khanh t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00f2ng tr\u1ea7n ai, ai d\u1ec5 bi\u1ebft ai<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm kh\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1p:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

– Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c, th\u1ebf Xu\u00e2n Thu, g\u1eb7p th\u1eddi th\u1ebf, th\u1ebf th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn ng\u1ea7m sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea9m thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0o roi. Sau nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm b\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c ng\u1ea5m v\u00e0o t\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee7, bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng qua kh\u1ecfi. Giai tho\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qua \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng \u1ee9ng kh\u1ea9u b\u00e0i th\u01a1 g\u1eedi t\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAi tai \u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em>
Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 y\u1ebfn x\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em>
V\u1ecb \u01af\u01a1ng cung c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1<\/em>
Di\u1ec7c nh\u0129 th\u1ecb thu tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d.<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

(Th\u01b0\u01a1ng thay \u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1eddng, quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf l\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 chim y\u1ebfn l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 trong nh\u00e0 s\u1eafp ch\u00e1y r\u1ed3i tai \u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 H\u00e0n T\u00edn gi\u00fap H\u00e1n Cao T\u1ed5 L\u01b0u Bang r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb Cao T\u1ed5 gi\u1ebft \u1edf V\u1ecb \u01af\u01a1ng. K\u1ebft c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u0169ng th\u1ebf).<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean sau n\u00e0y b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m, \u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb vua Gia Long x\u1eed t\u1eed. C\u1ea3 hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00e0i l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft bi th\u1ea3m nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u0129 phu Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nhi\u1ec7m l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i trang s\u1eed c\u00f2n \u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb ti\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n. V\u00e0 hai c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y l\u00fac c\u1ee5 Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed cao tay h\u01a1n k\u1ebb th\u00f9.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o h\u1eadu b\u00e1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb (1830-1910) & T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng (1825-1877), l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 hai \u1edf trong nh\u00f3m B\u1ea1ch Mai Thi X\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 b\u00fat chi\u1ebfn qua th\u01a1 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ee5 Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, ch\u00ed s\u0129 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u s\u0129 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nam B\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Hu\u00e2n, B\u00f9i H\u1eefu Ngh\u0129a, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u, Hu\u1ef3nh M\u1eabn \u0110\u1ea1t. N\u0103m K\u1ef7 D\u1eadu (1849) thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed7 c\u1eed nh\u00e2n. Tuy \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t cao nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ra l\u00e0m quan, m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf, d\u00f9ng ng\u00f2i b\u00fat chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00ean h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 x\u1ea3y ra cu\u1ed9c b\u00fat chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhau qua m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0i T\u1ef1 Thu\u1eadt.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi b\u00e0i T\u1eeb Th\u1ee9 Quy T\u00e0o theo t\u00edch T\u1eeb Th\u1ee9 b\u1ecf L\u01b0u B\u1ecb v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng T\u00e0o Th\u00e1o. M\u01b0\u1ee3n chuy\u1ec7n T\u1eeb Th\u1ee9, T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng mu\u1ed1n thanh minh r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh theo Ph\u00e1p ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1edb c\u00e1i t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n c\u0169, c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u01a1n h\u00e0 x\u00e3 t\u1eafc. T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u00f3 hy sinh bao nhi\u00eau x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1u c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 u\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 \u00edch n\u00ean ca ng\u1ee3i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ee5 Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb cho r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o tr\u1eddi hay b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u qua bi\u1ec3n, tuy nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, song s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u1ea5y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chim h\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng may r\u1ee5ng m\u1ea5t m\u1ea5y c\u00e1i l\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ed3ng d\u1eabu h\u01b0 l\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u s\u1ee3 s\u1ebb\u201d<\/em> v\u00e0  k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ee9a d\u1ea1i tr\u00f3t gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng d\u1ea1i,<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ef1a l\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i m\u01b0\u01a1i\u201d.<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hai c\u1ee5 d\u00f9ng th\u01a1 v\u1edbi t\u00edch x\u01b0a b\u00ean T\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p nhau nh\u01b0ng cho th\u00e1y th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u0129 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa m\u00f4n Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n (Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n) b\u1eadc trung h\u1ecdc \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1871, T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng \u0110\u1ed1c Ph\u1ee7 S\u1ee9. N\u0103m 1877, trong l\u1ea7n theo vi\u00ean l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1p \u0111i quan s\u00e1t mi\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du B\u1eafc K\u1ef3, m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t \u00e1c t\u00ednh r\u1ed3i m\u1ea5t.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hai c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng (h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc Phan V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00d4n c\u1ed1 tri t\u00e2n\u201d,<\/em> xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. C\u1ee9 g\u1ecdi n\u00f4m na chuy\u1ec7n s\u1eeda l\u01b0ng cho ti\u1ec7n s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1i th\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nho ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a tr\u1ecb nhau khi b\u1ecb s\u1eeda l\u01b0ng. N\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n, l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng \u1ed3n \u00e0o v\u1edbi \u0111ao to b\u00faa l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng h\u00f9ng h\u1ed5 v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00e0ng t\u00f4m h\u00e0ng c\u00e1, c\u00e1i hay c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 th\u00e2m th\u00fay v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u201cCao nh\u01a1n t\u1eafc h\u1eefu, cao nh\u01a1n tr\u1ecb\u201d<\/em>. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i ba l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 hu\u00eanh hoang t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafc c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5 tr\u00e1c… Khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh cao \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed th\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Thu\u1edf c\u00f2n \u0111i h\u1ecdc, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Rivarol l\u00e0m b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edb: \u201cC\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec cao h\u01a1n ki\u00eau c\u0103ng v\u00e0 sang h\u01a1n h\u00e1o danh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d<\/em> nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ebft khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 cao kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m kh\u1edd kh\u1ea1o?.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n s\u1eeda l\u01b0ng, kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1eb1ng ta v\u1edbi ta!. C\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng, c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u1ee9 th\u00e2m tr\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1eeda l\u01b0ng c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb s\u1eeda l\u01b0ng, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1ed1t, x\u1ea5u t\u00f9y theo tinh th\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hay \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5 ganh gh\u00e9t. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 qu\u00fd c\u1ee5 \u00f4ng, t\u00ednh th\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 ru\u1ed9t ng\u1ef1a n\u00ean b\u1ecb qu\u00fd c\u1ee5 b\u00e0, th\u00e2m th\u00fay, t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb s\u1eeda l\u01b0ng? S\u1eeda g\u00ec th\u00ec s\u1eeda nh\u01b0ng l\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2ng (khom l\u01b0ng) l\u00e0 qu\u00fd r\u1ed3i. Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb ngh\u0129 sao?.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Little Saigon, July 2025<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00f9ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/mark><\/strong><\/h1>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i phi\u1ebfm Cao Nh\u01a1n, Nh\u01a1n Tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef \u201cCao nh\u00e2n t\u1ea5t h\u1eefu cao nh\u00e2n tr\u1ecb\u201d ghi v\u00e0i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng,… Read more »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bn-hu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11478","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11478"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11478\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11487,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11478\/revisions\/11487"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11478"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11478"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phamtinanninh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11478"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}